Table 2 Clinical characteristics and disease management practices of study participants in TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021
Variables | Category | Frequency (%) |
|---|---|---|
DM duration, median (IQR) |  | 9 years (4–15) |
Duration of DM | 2-5Â years | 50 (15.4) |
6-10Â years | 122 (37.5) | |
 ≥ 11 years | 153 (47.1) | |
Family history of DM | Yes | 64 (19.7) |
No | 261 (80.3) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | Underweight (< 18.5) | 10 (3.1) |
Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | 241 (74.2) | |
Overweight (25–29.9) | 62 (19.1) | |
Obese (≥ 30) | 12 (3.7) | |
Mode of therapy | Oral hypoglycemic agents | 93 (28.6) |
Insulin | 145 (44.6) | |
Combination of both | 75 (23.1) | |
Diet modification/Exercise alone | 12 (3.7) | |
No. of follow-up visits |  ≤ 3 times/year | 156 (48) |
 > 3 times/year | 169 (52) | |
Medication adherence (n = 313) | 7 days/week (adequate) | 228 (70.2) |
 < 7 days/week (inadequate) | 85 (26.2) | |
Diet adherence |  > 3 days/week (adequate) | 168 (51.7) |
0-3Â days/week (inadequate) | 157 (48.3) | |
Physical exercise |  > 3 days/week (Adequate) | 138 (42.5) |
0-3Â days/week (Inadequate) | 187 (57.5) | |
Access to SMBG | Yes | 136 (41.8) |
No | 189 (58.2) | |
Glycemic targets goal (HbA1c/FBS/RBS) | Yes | 129 (39.7) |
No | 196 (60.3) | |
Smoking status | Current smoker | 8 (2.5) |
Ex-smoker (> 1 year) | 16 (4.9) | |
Nonsmoker | 301 (92.6) | |
Co-morbidity | Present | 129 (39.7) |
Absent | 196 (60.3) | |
Type of co-morbidity(ies) | Hypertension | 63 (19.4) |
Dyslipidemia | 25 (7.7) | |
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) | 10 (3.1) | |
Hypertension + IHD | 7 (2.2) | |
Others* | 24 (7.4) | |
Complication | Present | 114 (35.1) |
Absent | 211 (64.9) | |
Type of complication(s) | Neuropathy | 46 (14.2) |
Retinopathy | 23 (7.1) | |
Retinopathy + Neuropathy | 21 (6.5) | |
Retinopathy + Neuropathy + Nephropathy | 8 (2.5) | |
Cardiac complications | 16 (4.9) |