Table 4 Factors associated with increased visceral adipose tissue

Age (per 10 years increase)

1.11 (10.1–1.20)

0.04

1.04 (0.92–1.13)

0.28

Gender (female vs male)

0.93 (0.88–1.04)

0.15

N/A

BMI (per 5 kg/m² increase)

1.20 (1.05–1.36)

0.02

1.13 (1.02–1.27)

0.04

Waist/hip ratio (per 0.1 increase)

1.33 (1.21–1.54)

< 0.001

1.25 (1.11–1.46)

0.007

Subcutaneous adipose tissue (per 5 cm² increase)

1.26 (1.17–1.42)

< 0.001

1.08 (0.99–1.20)

0.06

Smoking (yes vs no)

1.05 (0.92–1.10)

0.43

N/A

Physical inactivity (yes vs no)

1.17 (1.06–1.32)

0.03

1.06 (0.95–1.10)

0.37

Hypertension (yes vs no)

1.04 (0.95–1.16)

0.55

N/A

Dyslipidemia (yes vs no)

1.15 (1.04–1.32)

0.04

1.05 (0.96–1.14)

0.10

Prior CVD history (yes vs no)

1.06 (0.90–1.13)

0.31

N/A

Statin (yes vs no)

0.92 (0.85–1.01)

0.07

0.94 (0.88–1.05)

0.19

Canagliflozin vs Metformin

0.86 (0.79–0.91)

0.008

0.90 (0.84–0.98)

0.04

CRP (per 1 mg/L increase)

1.27 (1.10–1.52)

< 0.001

1.10 (1.01–1.23)

0.03

NO (per 5 μmol/L increase)

0.78 (0.66–0.89)

< 0.001

0.83 (0.76–0.94)

0.01

HOMA-IR (per 0.5 increase)

1.40 (1.28–1.85)

< 0.001

1.29 (1.17–1.60)

0.004