Table 2 Glucose levels and insulin dosing
Total | Basal & bolus insulin | Pre-mixed insulin only | Bolus only | No insulin therapy* | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 2424 | N = 277 | N = 98 | N = 652 | N = 1397 | ||
No. of Glucose readings per patient | 5.00 (0.00–12.00) | 22.00 (13.00–31.00) | 19.50 (12.00–28.00) | 9.00 (6.00–14.00) | 0.00 (0.00–4.00) | < 0.001 |
Glucose coefficient of variation | 0.25 (±0.10) | 0.33 (±0.09) | 0.33 (±0.11) | 0.24 (±0.09) | 0.21 (±0.08) | < 0.001 |
% of glucose readings in range† | 66.67 (42.86–83.33) | 34.78 (21.43–55.56) | 42.86 (30.00–65.62) | 71.43 (50.00–86.67) | 75.00 (53.85–100.00) | < 0.001 |
Mean fasting glucose day 1–7 | 6.14 (5.40–7.30) | 7.91 (6.35–9.57) | 7.37 (6.44–9.15) | 5.90 (5.33–6.80) | 5.70 (5.20–6.47) | < 0.001 |
Mean preprandial glucose day 1–7§ | 8.46 (7.29–10.70) | 11.55 (9.35–13.12) | 10.98 (8.91–12.24) | 8.20 (7.05–9.79) | 7.60 (6.81–8.37) | < 0.001 |
Mean postprandial glucose day 1–7|| | 8.50 (7.20–10.38) | 11.04 (9.15–13.47) | 11.06 (9.10–13.30) | 8.05 (7.05–9.44) | 7.80 (6.70–8.90) | < 0.001 |
Hypoglycemia < 4.0 mmol/L | 89 (3.67%) | 53 (19.13%) | 13 (13.27%) | 18 (2.76%) | 5 (0.36%) | < 0.001 |
Hypoglycemia < 2.5 mmol/L | 8 (0.33%) | 6 (2.17%) | 1 (1.02%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.07%) | < 0.001 |
Mean insulin/patient/kg weight/day | 0.07 (0.03–0.18) | 0.21 (0.13–0.31) | 0.21 (0.15–0.30) | 0.04 (0.02–0.07) | 0.12 (0.06–0.32) | < 0.001 |
Normoglycemia | 1549 (63.90%) | 27 (9.75%) | 3 (3.06%) | 295 (45.25%) | 1224 (87.62%) | < 0.001 |
GC-induced hyperglycemia | 875 (36.10%) | 250 (90.25%) | 95 (96.94%) | 357 (54.75%) | 173 (12.38%) | < 0.001 |
- New-onset GC-induced diabetes | 448 (18.48%) | 41 (14.80%) | 34 (34.69%) | 229 (35.12%) | 144 (10.31%) | |
- Preexisting diabetes | 427 (17.62%) | 209 (75.45%) | 61 (62.24%) | 128 (19.63%) | 29 (2.08%) |