Table 1 Baseline Characteristics*
Total | Basal & bolus insulin | Pre-mixed insulin only | Bolus only | No insulin therapy | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 2424 | N = 277 | N = 122 | N = 652 | N = 1373 | ||
Male sex | 1123 (46.3%) | 115 (41.5%) | 48 (39.3%) | 306 (46.9%) | 654 (47.6%) | 0.11 |
Age | 69.4 (59.0–77.7) | 70.0 (61.7–77.0) | 74.6 (65.7–81.8) | 70.4 (59.2–77.5) | 68.2 (56.8–77.7) | < 0.001 |
BMI [kg/m2] | 25.2 (22.1–29.0) | 27.4 (24.3–32.6) | 26.2 (24.0–30.2) | 25.7 (22.4–29.9) | 24.5 (21.4–27.9) | < 0.001 |
Cumulative GC-dose, mg† | 200.0 (100.0–375.0) | 200.0 (100.0–411.2) | 250.0 (145.0–525.0) | 245.0 (140.0–522.5) | 175.0 (100.0–300.0) | < 0.001 |
GC dose dose, mg per day† | 50.0 (27.5–76.6) | 50.0 (26.9–70.2) | 50.0 (25.0–81.2) | 50.0 (35.0–88.9) | 50.0 (25.0–75.0) | < 0.001 |
Duration of GC administration, days | 5.0 (3.0–7.0) | 5.0 (3.0–7.0) | 6.0 (4.0–8.0) | 5.0 (3.0–7.0) | 4.0 (3.0–6.0) | < 0.001 |
Length of stay, days | 8.0 (5.0–14.0) | 10.0 (6.0–16.0) | 10.0 (6.0–15.0) | 8.0 (5.0–13.0) | 8.0 (5.0–13.0) | < 0.001 |
Indication for GC administration | ||||||
- Autoimmune/Inflammation | 816 (33.7%) | 99 (35.7%) | 51 (41.8%) | 220 (33.7%) | 446 (32.5%) | < 0.001 |
- Oncology | 667 (27.5%) | 60 (21.7%) | 23 (18.9%) | 149 (22.9%) | 435 (31.7%) | |
- Infection/Pneumology | 825 (34.0%) | 101 (36.5%) | 42 (34.4%) | 253 (38.8%) | 429 (31.2%) | |
- Endocrinology | 116 (4.8%) | 17 (6.1%) | 6 (4.9%) | 30 (4.6%) | 63 (4.6%) | |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 0.37 |
Pre-existing diabetes | 511 (21.1%) | 216 (78.0%) | 84 (68.9%) | 157 (24.1%) | 54 (3.9%) | < 0.001 |