Table 3 Literature review of studies evaluating diabetes mellitus or insulin resistance in Klinefelter syndrome

Han, 2016 [20]

376

32

24.7 ± 3.9

28 (12.8%)

57 (26.0%)

–

–

47 XXY, 354; 48 XXXY, 2; 48 XXYY, 1; 46 XY/47 XXY, 13; 47 XXY/ 48 XXXY/ 46 XY, 3; 47 XXY/46 XY/46 XX, 1; 47 XXY/48 XXXY, 1; 47 XX, inv. (Y), 1

Yesilova, 2005 [21]

13

22

23.7 ± 4.9

–

–

38.5%

Glucose disposal rates < 4.53 mg/kg/min in hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp

All 47 XXY

Bojesen, 2006 [11]

70 (35 without TRT/35 with treatment)

35/39

27.3/25.1

3 (8.5%)/4 (11.4%)

6 (17.1%);7 (20.0%)

–

–

–

Falhammar, 2018 [22]

224

22

26.1 ± 5.3

9.10%

–

–

–

47 XXY, 204; 47 XXY/46 XY, 6; 47 XXY/46 XX, 3; Others and unknown, 5; 46 XX testicular males, 6.

Ota, 2002 [23]

895

43

21.5 ± 4.44

61 (6.8%)

–

–

–

47 XXY, 40; 46 XY/47 XXY, 9; 48 XXYY, 2; 47 XXY/48 XXXY/46 XY, 1; 47 XXY/46 XY/46 XX, 1; unknown, 8.

Bardsley, 2011

[29]

89 Prepubertal Boys

8

–

0

0

20 (24%)

HOMA ≥2.5

47 XXY, 84; 48 XXYY, 1; 47 XXY/46 XY, 2; 46 XX translocation, 1.

Jackson, 1966 [24]

8

–

–

–

1 (12.5%)

–

–

47 XXY, 2; others unknown.

Becker, 1966 [25]

50

38

–

5 (10.0%)

–

–

–

–

Pasquali, 2013 [26]

69

31

27.5

3

16

–

–

–

Nielsen, 1969 [9]

31

–

–

12 (39%); especially 47 XXY/46XY, 4; 47 XXY, 5; 48 XXXY, 3.

–

–

–

47 XXY/46 XY, 4; 47 XXY, 24; 48 XXXY, 3.

Davis, 2016 [27]

96 Prepubertal Boys

–

–

0

0

9 (33.3%), only 27 patients calculated for HOMA

HOMA ≥2.5

47 XXY, 88; 46 XY/47XXY, 2; 48 XXXY, 1; 48 XXYY, 1; 46 XX + SRYtrans, 1.

Davis, 2017 [28]

93 Prepubertal Boys

–

–

–

1

–

–

47 XXY, 89; 46 XY/47 XXY, 2; 48 XXXY or 48 XXYY, 3.