Table 2 Results of direct meta-analysis
Variable | Group | k | SMD (95% CI) | Q | I2 (%) | P-value | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI | AET vs. CT | 5 | −0.1500 [− 0.4464 to 0.1465] | 7.18 | 44.3 | 0.127 | Fixed |
|  | AET + RT vs. CT | 1 | −0.2653 [− 0.6478 to 0.1172] | 0.00 | – | – | – |
|  | RT vs. CT | 2 | −0.2336 [− 0.6490 to 0.1818] | 0.23 | 0.0 | 0.634 | Fixed |
|  | AET vs. RT | 1 | 0.2708 (− 0.2000 to 0.7416) | 0.00 | – | – | – |
FBG | AET vs. CT | 7 | 0.3310 [−0.4398 to 1.1018] | 53.73 | 88.8 | < 0.001 | Random |
|  | AET + RT vs. CT | 2 | −0.7787 [−1.9115 to 0.3540] | 5.10 | 80.4 | 0.02 | Random |
|  | RT vs. AET | 2 | −0.4262 [− 1.3347 to 0.4824] | 7.40 | 86.5 | 0.007 | Random |
|  | RT vs. CT | 4 | 0.0057 [− 0.9556 to 0.9671] | 25.48 | 88.2 | < 0.001 | Random |
HbA1c | AET vs. CT | 5 | −0.6739 [− 0.9424 to − 0.4055] | 6.17 | 35.2 | 0.187 | Fixed |
|  | AET + RT vs. CT | 1 | 0.0245 [− 0.3563 to 0.4053] | 0.00 | – | – | – |
|  | RT vs. AET | 2 | 0.1705 [− 0.1564 to 0.4975] | 1.14 | 12.0 | 0.288 | Fixed |
|  | RT vs. CT | 2 | −1.0014 [− 1.3582 to − 0.6446] | 17.50 | 94.3 | < 0.001 | Random |
Insulin | AET vs. CT | 5 | −0.1425 [−2.0375 to 1.7525] | 100.54 | 96.0 | < 0.001 | Random |
|  | AET + RT vs. CT | 1 | −0.8934 [−1.9362 to 0.1494] | 0.00 | – | – | – |
|  | RT vs. AET | 1 | 0.8907 [0.4146 to 1.3668] | 0.00 | – | – | – |
|  | RT vs. CT | 3 | −0.9305 [−2.0838 to 0.2228] | 12.11 | 83.5 | < 0.001 | Random |
HOMA-IR | AET vs. CT | 4 | −1.0353 [−2.2784 to 0.2078] | 46.72 | 93.6 | < 0.001 | Random |
|  | AET + RT vs. CT | 1 | −0.5054 [−0.8925 to − 0.1183] | 0.00 | – | – | – |
|  | RT vs. AET | 2 | 0.2969 [−0.4154 to 1.0091] | 4.65 | 78.5 | 0.031 | Random |
|  | RT vs. CT | 3 | −0.9836 [−2.2509 to 0.2837] | 25.30 | 92.1 | < 0.001 | Random |