Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the participants: in the full cohort, AF and non-AF groups
From: Prediction model for thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation: a retrospective study
Variable | Category | Full cohort N = 420 | AF patients N = 127 | Non-AF patients N = 293 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic parameters | |||||
Sex, % (n) | Male | 20.7 (87) | 32.3 (41) | 15.7 (46) | < 0.001 |
Age, yearsa | 44.3 ± 12.1 | 48.9 ± 12.2 | 42.3 ± 11.5 | < 0.001 | |
Characteristics of hyperthyroidism course | |||||
Hyperthyroidism duration, monthsb | 10 (6;20) | 18 (8;32) | 8 (5.5;14.0) | < 0.001 | |
Subclinical hyperthyroidism duration, % (n) | < 1 year | 34.3 (128) | 25.0 (29) | 38.5 (99) | 0.011 |
≥1 year | 65.7 (245) | 75.0 (87) | 61.5 (158) | ||
Number of relapses, % (n) | 0 | 36.6 (140) | 27.8 (30) | 40.1 (110) | < 0.001 |
1 | 33.8 (129) | 26.9 (29) | 36.5 (100) | ||
≥2 | 29.6 (113) | 45.4 | 23.4 (64) | ||
Hyperthyroidism origin, % (n) | Graves’ disease | 94 (395) | 89.8 (114) | 95.9 (281) | 0.015 |
TA or MTG | 6 (25) | 10.2 (13) | 4.1 (12) | ||
TSH, μIU/lb | < 0.01 (0.005;0.03) | < 0.006 (0.002;0.01) | < 0.01 (0.005;0.039) | – | |
fТ3, times above ULN rangeb | 2.0 (1.5;3.0) | 2.0 (1.4;2.80) | 2.0 (1.5;3.1) | 0.496 | |
fТ4, times above ULN rangeb | 1.8 (1.4;2.6) | 1.8 (1.5;2.75) | 1.8 (1.4;2.6) | 0.473 | |
Weight loss in the onset of hyperthyroidism, kgb | 6 (0.0;12.0) | 8 (0;16) | 5.0 (0.4;10.0) | 0.225 | |
Extrathyroidal Graves ‘disease manifestations, % (n)c | ophthalmopathy | 48.8 (191) | 44.2 (50) | 50.7 (141) | 0.489 |
pretibial myxedema | 1.0 (4) | 0.9 (1) | 1.1 (3) | ||
TSH receptors antibodies, times above ULN range c | 8.4 (3.6;26.7) | 9.9 (4.5;29.7) | 9.3 (4.1;28.1) | 0.716 | |
Metabolic parameters, smoking status and blood tests during hyperthyroidism | |||||
Body mass index, kg/m2b | 25.4 (22.4;30.0) | 26.9 (23.6;30.5) | 24.7 (21.9;29) | 0.002 | |
Overweight, % (n) | 27.7 (108) | 24.5 (66) | 34.7 (42) | 0.002 | |
Obesity, % (n) | level 1 | 16.9 (66) | 17.5 (47) | 15.7 (19) | |
level 2 | 6.4 (25) | 4.1 (11) | 11.6 (14) | ||
level 3 | 1.5 (6) | 1.1 (3) | 2.5 (3) | ||
Carbohydrate metabolism disorders, % (n) | IFG | 4.4 (15) | 4.1 (5) | 4.5 (10) | 0.460 |
IGT | 2.6 (9) | 2.4 (3) | 2.7 (6) | ||
DM (type 1 or 2) | 9.6 (33) | 13 (16) | 7.7 (17) | ||
Lipid profileb | TC, mmol/l | 4.2 (3.5; 5.2) | 4.2 (3.5;5.2) | 4.1 (3.5;5.2) | 0.824 |
TG, mmol/l | 1.0 (0.8; 1.4) | 0.98 (0.8;1.2) | 1.1 (0.8;1.5) | 0.149 | |
LDL, mmol/l | 2.2 (1.4; 3.1) | 2.4 (1.5;3.5) | 2.1 (1.3;2.9) | 0.108 | |
HDL, mmol/l | 1.1 (0.9; 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9;1.5) | 1.1 (0.9;1.4) | 0.858 | |
Smokers, % (n) | 28.4 (113) | 35.2 (44) | 25.3 (69) | 0.042 | |
Plasma creatinine level, μmol/la | 61.2 ± 17.8 | 65.5 ± 22.6a | 58.7 ± 13.9a | 0.017 | |
GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2b | 104.6 (85.0; 125.1) | 101.9 (82.7;123.3) | 105.9 (87.1;127.2) | 0.146 | |
GFR 60–90 ml/min/1.73 m2, % (n) | 25.9 (56) | 27.8 (22) | 24.8 (34) | 0.027 | |
GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, % (n) | 5.2 (11) | 10.2 (8) | 2.2 (3) | ||
Plasma potassium level, mmol/la | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 0.122 | |
Hypokalaemia (potassium < 3.5 mmol/l), % (n) | 2.8 (6) | 5.1 (4) | 1.5 (2) | 0.126 | |
Haemoglobin, g/la | 132 ± 17.8 | 132.1 ± 19.1 | 131.9 ± 17.1 | 0.907 | |
Anemia (haemoglobin < 120 g/l for women, < 130 g/l for men), % (n) | 22.1 (53) | 27.6 (24) | 19.0 (29) | 0.121 | |
Initial cardiovascular status | |||||
Arterial hypertension, % (n) | 30.1 (124) | 45.6 (57) | 23.3 (67) | < 0.001 | |
Above target ABP, % from hypertensive patients (n) | 42.7 (53) | 45.6 (26) | 40.3 (27) | 0.588 | |
Heart failure, % (n) | 4.8 (20) | 10.5 (13) | 2.4 (7) | 0.002 | |
Coronary heart disease, % (n) | 12.9 (54) | 17.3 (22) | 11.0 (32) | 0.082 | |
Rhythm disorders before hyperthyroidism, % (n) | PAC | 0.5 (2) | 0 | 0.7 (2) | 0.249 |
PVC | 0.7 (3) | 1.6 (2) | 0.3 (1) | ||
Cardiovascular status during hyperthyroidism | |||||
A rterial hypertension, % (n) | 54.8 (228) | 75.6 (93) | 46.1 (135) | < 0.001 | |
Above target ABP, % from hypertensive patients (n) | 28.1 (64) | 32.3 (30) | 25.2 (34) | 0.294 | |
Congestive heart failure, % (n) | 31.4 (97) | 51.1 (46) | 23.3 (51) | < 0.001 | |
Heart rate during hyperthyroidism, bpmb | 94 (85; 103.5) | 96 (88;105) | 92 (84;102) | 0.181 | |
Sinus tachycardia during hyperthyroidism, % (n) | 64.3 (222) | 73.6 (53) | 61.9 (169) | 0.073 | |
Rhythm disorders during hyperthyroidism, % (n) | PAC | 44.9 (140) | 87.5 (49) | 35.5 (91) | < 0.001 |
PVC | 16.2 (43) | 50 (24) | 8.8 (19) | < 0.001 | |
SVT | 13.3 (34) | 28.2 (11) | 10.6 (23) | < 0.001 | |
VT | 5.1 (13) | 20.5 (8) | 2.3 (5) | ||
WAP | 2 (5) | 2.6 (1) | 1.8 (4) | ||