Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the population studied according to comorbidities in Colombia 2014-2019
Variablesa | Comorbiditiesd | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 969,531) | DM only | HTN | CKD | Obesity | |||||||||
Yes (n = 144,910) | No (n = 824,621) | ASDe (%) | Yes (n = 693,015) | No (n = 276,516) | ASDe (%) | Yes (n = 297,198) | No (n = 672,333) | ASDe (%) | Yes (n = 341,592) | No (n = 627,435) | ASDe (%) | ||
Age (y) | 61.4 (13.2) | 55.0 (13.0) | 62.5 (13.0) | 58.5 | 64.0 (12.4) | 55.0 (13.0) | 71.5 | 65.1 (14.0) | 60.0 (12.6) | 40.1 | 59.4 (12.7) | 62.4 (13.4) | 23.0 |
Female | 563,687 (58.1) | 70,424 (48.6) | 493,263 (60.0) | 22.6 | 420,943 (60.7) | 142,744 (51.6) | 18.4 | 420,943 (57.6) | 142,744 (59.2) | 3.1 | 346,158 (55.7) | 217,094 (63.5) | 17.1 |
Health insurance | |||||||||||||
Third payer | 734,398 (75.7) | 108,856 (75.1) | 625,542 (76.0) | 3.1 | 528,788 (76.3) | 20,561 (74.3) | 5.4 | 217,168 (73.0) | 517,230 (77.0) | 9.2 | 271,457 (79.4) | 462,723 (73.7) | 13.6 |
State | 230,448 (23.8) | 35,529 (24.5) | 194,919 (23.6) | 160,578 (23.1) | 69,870 (25.2) | 78,500 (26.4) | 151,948 (22.6) | 68,564 (20.0) | 161,600 (25.7) | ||||
Special | 1946 (0.2) | 319 (0.2) | 2312 (0.3) | 1576 (0.2) | 370 (0.1) | 486 (0.1) | 1460 (0.2) | 687 (0.2) | 1258 (0.2) | ||||
Exception | 2631 (0.2) | 202 (0.1) | 1744 (0.2) | 1988 (0.2) | 643 (0.2) | 982 (0.3) | 1649 (0.2) | 853 (0.2) | 1777 (0.3) | ||||
Uninsured | 108 (0.1) | 4 (0.0) | 104 (0.01) | 85 (0.1) | 23 (0.1) | 62 (0.2) | 46 (0.1) | 31 (0.1) | 77 (0.1) | ||||
Region of residence | |||||||||||||
Bogotá, D.C. | 196,815 (20.3) | 32,666 (22.5) | 164,149 (20.0) | 17.1 | 134,398 (19.4) | 62,417 (22.5) | 16.5 | 55,182 (18.5) | 141,633 (21.0) | 20.2 | 72,354 (21.1) | 124,389 (20.0) | 8.2 |
Caribbean | 168,465 (17.4) | 29,317 (20.2) | 139,148 (17.0) | 117,582 (17.0) | 50,883 (18.4) | 44,985 (15.1) | 123,480 (18.3) | 53,045 (15.5) | 115,317 (18.3) | ||||
Eastern | 131,918 (13.6) | 21,638 (15.0) | 110,280 (13.3) | 89,233 (13.0) | 42,685 (15.4) | 40,145 (13.5) | 91,773 (13.6) | 48,960 (14.3) | 82,882 (13.2) | ||||
Central | 286,454 (29.5) | 38,127 (26.3) | 248,327 (30.1) | 215,779 (31.1) | 70,675 (25.5) | 84,402 (28.4) | 202,052 (30.0) | 102,160 (30.0) | 184,124 (29.3) | ||||
Pacific | 178,174 (18.4) | 21,415 (14.8) | 156,759 (19.0) | 131,532 (19.0) | 46,642 (17.0) | 70,492 (23.7) | 107,682 (16.0) | 62,450 (18.2) | 115,652 (18.4) | ||||
Amazonian | 7705 (0.8) | 1747 (1.21) | 5958 (0.7) | 4491 (0.6) | 3214 (1.1) | 1992 (0.6) | 5713 (0.8) | 2623 (0.7) | 5071 (0.8) | ||||
Ethnicityb | |||||||||||||
Indigenous | 5078 (0.5) | 1275 (1.0) | 3803 (0.4) | 5.6 | 2883 (0.4) | 2195 (0.8) | 6.9 | 1427 (0.5) | 3651 (0.5) | 16.1 | 1174 (0.3) | 3892 (0.6) | 5.3 |
Afro descendant | 34,514 (3.5) | 4608 (3.2) | 29,906 (3.6) | 22,852 (3.3) | 11,662 (4.2) | 17,220 (5.8) | 17,294 (2.5) | 10,765 (3.2) | 23,730 (3.8) | ||||
Other | 929,939 (96.0) | 139,027 (96.0) | 790,912 (96.0) | 667,280 (96.2) | 262,659 (95.0) | 278,551 (93.7) | 651,388 (97.0) | 329,653 (96.5) | 599,813 (95.6) | ||||
Age at DM diagnosis (y) | 59.2 (13.0) | 53.2 (13.0) | 60.3 (12.7) | 55.3 | 61.7 (12.1) | 53.1 (13.0) | 68.3 | 62.2 (13.5) | 58.0 (12.4) | 33.1 | 63.5 (17.1) | 57.4 (12.3) | 22.0 |
DM duration (y)c | 2.76 (1.0-6.0) | 1.8 (0.5-4.3) | 3.0 (0.9-6.0) | 25.5 | 3.1 (1.0-6.3) | 2.0 (0.5-4.3) | 37.7 | 3.2 (1.1-6.6) | 2.5 (0.7-5.4) | 21.3 | 2.7 (1.0-5.6) | 3.0 (1.0-6.1) | 4.3 |
BMI (kg/m2)c | 28.1 (25.3-31.5) | 26.0 (24.0-28.0) | 28.7 (25.7-32.2) | 83.3 | 28.4 (25.5-32.6) | 27.4 (25.1-30.7) | 19.6 | 27.3 (24.5-30.6) | 28.5 (25.7-32.3) | 25.2 | 33.1 (31.2-35.7) | 26.2 (24.1-28.1) | 32.2 |
HTN diagnosis | 693,015 (71.5) | NA | 693,015 (84.0) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 229,972 (33.1) | 67,226 (24.3) | 19.2 | 259,533 (76.0) | 433,196 (69.0) | 15.5 |
Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m) c,f | 79.1 (21.5) | 77.1 (21.2) | NA | NA | 75.4 (20.8) | 87.3 (20.0) | 57.3 | 70.3 (23.8) | NA | NA | 77.3 (24.8) | 77.4 (21.5) | 12.4 |
CKD diagnosis | 297,198 (30.6) | NA | 297,198 (36.0) | NA | 229,972 (33.1) | 67,226 (24.3) | 19.6 | NA | NA | NA | 86,599 (25.3) | 210,361 (33.5) | 18.0 |
CKD stages c | |||||||||||||
1 | 65,644 (22.4) | NA | 65,644 (22.3) | NA | 38,594 (17.0) | 27,050 (41.2) | 67.0 | 65,644 (22.4) | NA | NA | 24,404 (28.5) | 41,181 (20.0) | 21.3 |
2 | 128,930 (43.9) | 128,930 (44.0) | 100,570 (44.1) | 28,360 (43.1) | 128,930 (44.0) | 35,281 (41.2) | 93,544 (45.0) | ||||||
3 | 84,639 (28.9) | 84,639 (29.0) | 75,879 (33.3) | 8760 (13.4) | 84,639 (28.8) | 22,326 (26.1) | 62,263 (30.0) | ||||||
4 | 7522 (2.6) | 7522 (2.5) | 6907 (3.1) | 615 (1.0) | 7522 (2.6) | 2212 (2.5) | 5307 (2.5) | ||||||
5 | 6571 (2.2) | 6571 (2.2) | 5683 (2.5) | 888 (1.3) | 6571 (2.2) | 1304 (1.5) | 5258 (2.5) | ||||||
Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) c | 341,592 (35.2) | NA | 341,592 (41.4) | 259,533 (37.4) | 82,059 (29.7) | 16.4 | 254,993 (38.4) | 86,599 (29.1) | 18.6 | NA | NA | NA | |