Table 1 Comparison of general material and biochemical indexes of each group

Sex (male/female)

134/97

58/50

0.456

Age (years)

57.2 ± 12.2

63.2 ± 10.8

0.000

Diabetic duration (years)

8.0 (3.0–13.0)

10.0 (5.0–15.0)

0.049

BMI (kg/m²)

26.88 ± 3.28

24.69 ± 3.38

0.000

Systolic pressure(mmHg)

132 (122–145)

132 (120–152)

0.533

Diastolic pressure(mmHg)

82.8 ± 10.2

82.1 ± 10.2

0.567

Waistline(cm)

93 (88–100)

90 (85–95)

0.000

ALT(U/L)

20 (15–32)

15 (12–22)

0.000

AST(U/L)

18 (15–24)

17 (14–21)

0.019

GGT (U/L)

30.0 (21.0–44.0)

18.5 (13.0–28.0)

0.000

CR (umol/L)

57.9 (49.2–68.8)

62.8 (49.8–72.3)

0.042

UA (umol/L)

324.1 ± 91.4

304.1 ± 101.6

0.072

CysC (mg/L)

0.91 (0.80–1.05)

0.97 (0.83–1.17)

0.018

FBG (mmol/L)

7.89 (6.15–11.01)

6.86 (5.59–9.84)

0.003

TG (mmol/L)

1.90 (1.25–2.73)

1.20 (0.89–1.58)

0.000

TC (mmol/L)

4.86 ± 1.10

4.56 ± 1.21

0.023

HDL (mmol/L)

1.01 (0.86–1.20)

1.10 (0.98–1.39)

0.000

LDL (mmol/L)

2.88 ± 0.83

2.69 ± 1.04

0.072

HOMA-IR (CP)

3.90 (3.10–4.97)

2.82 (2.45–3.67)

0.000

HBA1C (%)

8.5 (7.1–9.8)

7.7 (6.8–9.5)

0.023

25-(OH) D (ng/mL)

14.80 (11.52–18.37)

16.21 (12.22–22.59)

0.009