Table 1 Characteristic at baseline between AKI and non-AKI group

Age, years

46.1 [33.7, 57.4]

42.7 [29.8, 55.9]

48.4 [36.7, 60.5]

< 0.001

Gender (Female)

438 (57.6)

250 (56.1)

188 (59.9)

0.330

Weight, Kg

72.7 [63.2, 82.9]

71.9 [63.5, 81.8]

74.2 [62.1, 84.9]

0.205

Ethnicity

0.19

 Caucasian

429 (56.4)

252 (56.5)

177 (56.4)

 African-American

228 (30.0)

125 (28.0)

103 (32.8)

 Hispanic-American

35 (4.6)

25 (5.6)

10 (3.2)

 Other

68 (8.9)

44 (9.9)

24 (7.6)

DM type

0.012

 T1DM

525 (69.2)

324 (72.8)

201 (64.0)

 T2DM

234 (30.8)

121 (27.2)

113 (36.0)

Temperature, °C

37.3 [37.0, 37.7]

37.3 [37.0, 37.6]

37.4 [37.0, 37.7]

0.010

HR, beats/min

108.0 [97.0, 120.0]

109.0 [99.0, 120.0]

107.0 [96.0, 119.0]

0.190

RR, breaths/min

25.4 [22.0, 29.0]

25.0 [22.0, 28.0]

26.0 [23.0, 30.0]

0.004

SBP, mmHg

98.0 [89.0, 108.0]

98.0 [90.0, 108.0]

97.0 [86.0, 108.0]

0.072

DBP, mmHg

46.0 [39.0, 54.0]

48.0 [41.0, 55.0]

44.5 [37.0, 52.0]

< 0.001

Microangiopathy

266 (35.0)

131 (29.4)

135 (43.0)

< 0.001

Macroangiopathy

137 (18.0)

60 (13.5)

77 (24.5)

< 0.001

Preexisting CKD

93 (12.2)

38 (8.5)

55 (17.5)

< 0.001

UTI

92 (12.1)

43 (9.6)

49 (15.6)

0.017

Pneumonia

48 (6.3)

19 (4.3)

29 (9.2)

0.006

Liver disease

60 (7.9)

30 (6.7)

30 (9.6)

0.173

History of hypertension

80 (10.5)

33 (7.4)

47 (15.0)

0.001

History of CHF

65 (8.6)

22 (4.9)

43 (13.7)

< 0.001

Bicarbonate, mEq/L

14.0 [9.0, 18.0]

13.0 [8.0, 18.0]

15.0 [10.0, 19.0]

< 0.001

WBC, K/uL

13.6 [9.9, 17.7]

13.3 [9.6, 17.6]

13.8 [10.5, 18.1]

0.177

Neutrophil granulocyte, %

83.0 [75.0, 88.3]

83.0 [75.6, 88.2]

83.0 [74.3, 88.5]

0.912

Platelets, K/uL

299.0 [236.0, 377.0]

299.0 [240.2, 369.8]

300.5 [232.0, 384.8]

0.902

Hemoglobin, g/dl

12.8 [11.4, 14.5]

13.3 [11.8, 14.8]

12.1 [10.8, 13.6]

< 0.001

Sodium, mEq/L

141.0 [138.0, 144.0]

140.0 [138.0, 144.0]

141.0 [138.0, 145.0]

0.036

Chloride, mEq/L

111.0 [107.0, 115.0]

111.0 [107.0, 114.0]

111.0 [107.0, 115.0]

0.859

AG

21.2 [17.6, 24.7]

21.4 [17.8, 25.2]

20.3 [17.2, 24.1]

0.029

Total osmotic pressure

319.7 [308.7, 334.8]

318.5 [308.1, 333.5]

322.0 [310.5, 336.0]

0.059

BUN, mg/dl

27.0 [17.0, 42.0]

24.0 [16.0, 37.8]

34.0 [19.0, 49.0]

< 0.001

Potassium, mEq/L

4.3 [3.8, 4.9]

4.3 [3.8, 5.0]

4.2 [3.8, 4.8]

0.353

Blood glucose, mg/dl

306.0 [164.5, 506.2]

331.5 [175.5, 525.8]

265.5 [153.2, 498.5]

0.044

SAPSII

27.0 [20.0, 36.0]

24.0 [19.0, 32.0]

30.0 [23.0, 41.0]

< 0.001

OASIS

25.0 [21.0, 31.0]

24.0 [21.0, 28.0]

28.0 [23.0, 34.0]

< 0.001

SOFA

2.0 [1.0, 4.0]

2.0 [1.0, 3.0]

3.0 [2.0, 5.0]

< 0.001

GCS

15.0 [14.0, 15.0]

15.0 [14.0, 15.0]

15.0 [14.0, 15.0]

< 0.001

Infusion volume, ml

1000.0 [0.0, 2750.5]

1000.0 [0.0, 2759.0]

1000.0 [0.0, 2733.8]

0.717

Urine output, ml

2071.6 [1396.8, 2959.2]

2200.0 [1543.2, 3217.2]

1790.0 [1148.5, 2670.0]

< 0.001

eGFR

98.2 [62.2, 123.0]

103.4 [71.8, 124.2]

86.0 [45.9, 118.3]

< 0.001

Use of NaHCO₃

72 (9.5)

25 (5.6)

47 (15.0)

< 0.001

Mechanical ventilation

91 (12.0)

18 (4.0)

73 (23.2)

< 0.001

HLOS, days

4.3 [2.8, 7.4]

3.5 [2.3, 5.4]

6.4 [3.9, 10.4]

< 0.001

Hospital mortality

17 (2.2)

4 (0.9)

13 (4.1)

0.005