Emergency attendance for acute hyper- and hypoglycaemia in the adult diabetic population of the metropolitan area of Milan: quantifying the phenomenon and studying its predictors

Table 5 Characteristics associated with attendance to the emergency department for acute hyperglycemia, and with hospitalization after the attendance, in patients with diabetes

Characteristic		Model for risk of ED attendance for acute hypoglycemia^a								Model for risk of hospitalization after an ED attendance^b
		Negative binomial component				Zero inflate component				Model for risk of hospitalization after an ED attendance^b
		IRR	95%CI		P value	OR	95%CI		P value	IRR	95%CI		P value
Gender	Female vs. male	1.51	1.18	1.93	0.001	1.16	0.75	1.80	0.500	1.06	0.85	1.33	0.589
Age class (years)	ref., 45–64
	≤ 44	0.86	0.40	1.84	0.693	0.54	0.24	1.22	0.139	0.98	0.69	1.39	0.902
	≥ 65	0.24	0.12	0.52	< 0.001	0.22	0.08	0.57	0.002	1.02	0.79	1.32	0.893
Deprivation index	ref., I-II
	III	0.80	0.58	1.12	0.195	0.70	0.38	1.28	0.247	1.03	0.76	1.41	0.849
	IV-V	0.91	0.68	1.21	0.504	0.64	0.38	1.07	0.092	0.86	0.65	1.12	0.260
Hypoglycemia treatment	ref., Other non-insulin anti-DM drugs only
	Insulin alone	7.72	5.11	11.66	< 0.001	0.56	0.28	1.12	0.099	2.00	1.31	3.05	0.001
	Insulin and non-insulin anti-DM drugs	8.01	5.21	12.32	< 0.001	0.58	0.28	1.22	0.150	1.36	0.88	2.11	0.170
	Anti-DM drugs at risk of hypoglycemia	1.88	1.22	2.89	0.004	0.78	0.36	1.67	0.521	1.16	0.72	1.87	0.552
Glycated hemoglobin test	No vs. yes	1.36	1.07	1.72	0.012	0.65	0.42	0.99	0.044	1.37	1.10	1.72	0.006
ED attendance for hyperglycemia in 2014	Yes vs. no	3.68	1.33	10.23	0.012	0.05	0.00	61.65	0.413	1.56	0.93	2.63	0.094

^azero-inflated negative binomial multivariable regression model; ^bPoisson multivariable regression model; IRR Incidence rate ratio, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval

ISSN: 1472-6823