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Table 5 Factors associated with diabetes self-care behaviours (multivariate logistic regressions)

From: Inequalities and factors associated with adherence to diabetes self-care practices amongst patients at two public hospitals in Gauteng, South Africa

Variable

Dietary diversity

Medication adherence

Exercise

SMBG

Non-Smoking

OR

SE

OR

SE

OR

SE

OR

SE

OR

SE

Age 41–60

0.8098

0.2650

2.6326***

0.9112

1.0012

0.5289

0.6822

0.4510

1.4149

0.6725

Age 60+

0.7575

0.3343

6.3777***

3.2640

0.3587

0.3091

0.2692*

0.2274

0.7221

0.4675

Female

1.6065*

0.4134

1.1396

0.3174

1.0393

0.4417

0.4152

0.2463

7.6939***

3.1335

Non-African

0.8134

0.2589

0.3551***

0.1206

0.5158

0.2743

0.2511**

0.1499

0.2684***

0.1130

Married

1.1395

0.3493

1.1414

0.3842

1.0732

0.5521

2.9344*

1.8681

1.5144

0.7080

Divorced

1.2395

0.5959

0.8302

0.4247

0.7673

0.6072

5.2781

5.9890

0.7425

0.4607

Widowed

0.7827

0.3494

0.3490**

0.1705

0.8535

0.7111

1.2193

0.8426

2.1414

1.7505

Co-habiting

1.3038

1.1209

0.7091

0.6763

1.0559

1.3268

1.0000

(empty)

1.2239

1.4795

No Children

0.7534

0.2888

0.7997

0.3158

0.7393

0.4442

0.5485

0.3869

1.2525

0.6677

Secondary education

1.4419

0.4926

0.8931

0.3604

4.4887

4.7725

0.6377

0.4694

0.4430

0.3025

Tertiary education

1.3933

0.6451

0.9553

0.4877

6.3922*

7.1806

0.3830

0.3572

0.4116

0.3236

Formal employment

1.1233

0.3388

0.8614

0.2774

2.1005

0.9704

0.9272

0.5893

1.8184

0.8490

Informal employment

0.8938

0.4177

0.9514

0.4837

1.0000

(empty)

1.3920

1.6196

0.7059

0.4361

Student

1.0663

0.9883

0.7519

0.6576

6.0037*

5.6769

1.0000

(empty)

1.0000

(empty)

Retired

2.3336*

1.1345

1.3734

0.7383

3.2434

2.5307

0.4892

0.3454

4.2325*

3.2636

Household size 5+

1.2387

0.3253

0.8263

0.2378

0.4363*

0.2036

0.4860

0.2506

1.2194

0.4990

Wealth Quintile 2

2.8709***

1.0212

1.0724

0.4295

1.6891

1.2799

2.9264

2.0445

0.9778

0.5778

Wealth Quintile 3

2.4113***

0.8814

0.3400***

0.1436

2.8607

2.1307

2.1131

1.4218

0.5372

0.3121

Wealth Quintile 4

2.4690**

0.9726

0.4972

0.2178

3.6635*

2.7972

4.0168

3.4623

1.1018

0.6825

Wealth Quintile 5

4.6455***

2.1532

0.9902

0.4739

5.1521**

4.1241

4.1036

3.6775

0.7928

0.5055

Sample (n)

334

 

324

 

316

 

298

 

322

 

Pseudo R2

0.0604

 

0.1141

 

0.1156

 

0.1471

 

0.2189

 
  1. Reference categories: Age 21–40 years, male, African, single, having children, primary education, unemployed, household size 1–4 and wealth quintile 1 (lowest wealth). All outcome variable are binary in which a value of 1 indicates a diverse diet, medication adherence, exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose and smoking
  2. OR Odds Ratio, SE Standard Error
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