Inequalities and factors associated with adherence to diabetes self-care practices amongst patients at two public hospitals in Gauteng, South Africa

Chipo Mutyambizi; Milena Pavlova; Charles Hongoro; Wim Groot

doi:10.1186/s12902-020-0492-y

BMC Endocrine Disorders

Table 5 Factors associated with diabetes self-care behaviours (multivariate logistic regressions)

From: Inequalities and factors associated with adherence to diabetes self-care practices amongst patients at two public hospitals in Gauteng, South Africa

Variable	Dietary diversity		Medication adherence		Exercise		SMBG		Non-Smoking
Variable	OR	SE	OR	SE	OR	SE	OR	SE	OR	SE
Age 41–60	0.8098	0.2650	2.6326***	0.9112	1.0012	0.5289	0.6822	0.4510	1.4149	0.6725
Age 60+	0.7575	0.3343	6.3777***	3.2640	0.3587	0.3091	0.2692*	0.2274	0.7221	0.4675
Female	1.6065*	0.4134	1.1396	0.3174	1.0393	0.4417	0.4152	0.2463	7.6939***	3.1335
Non-African	0.8134	0.2589	0.3551***	0.1206	0.5158	0.2743	0.2511**	0.1499	0.2684***	0.1130
Married	1.1395	0.3493	1.1414	0.3842	1.0732	0.5521	2.9344*	1.8681	1.5144	0.7080
Divorced	1.2395	0.5959	0.8302	0.4247	0.7673	0.6072	5.2781	5.9890	0.7425	0.4607
Widowed	0.7827	0.3494	0.3490**	0.1705	0.8535	0.7111	1.2193	0.8426	2.1414	1.7505
Co-habiting	1.3038	1.1209	0.7091	0.6763	1.0559	1.3268	1.0000	(empty)	1.2239	1.4795
No Children	0.7534	0.2888	0.7997	0.3158	0.7393	0.4442	0.5485	0.3869	1.2525	0.6677
Secondary education	1.4419	0.4926	0.8931	0.3604	4.4887	4.7725	0.6377	0.4694	0.4430	0.3025
Tertiary education	1.3933	0.6451	0.9553	0.4877	6.3922*	7.1806	0.3830	0.3572	0.4116	0.3236
Formal employment	1.1233	0.3388	0.8614	0.2774	2.1005	0.9704	0.9272	0.5893	1.8184	0.8490
Informal employment	0.8938	0.4177	0.9514	0.4837	1.0000	(empty)	1.3920	1.6196	0.7059	0.4361
Student	1.0663	0.9883	0.7519	0.6576	6.0037*	5.6769	1.0000	(empty)	1.0000	(empty)
Retired	2.3336*	1.1345	1.3734	0.7383	3.2434	2.5307	0.4892	0.3454	4.2325*	3.2636
Household size 5+	1.2387	0.3253	0.8263	0.2378	0.4363*	0.2036	0.4860	0.2506	1.2194	0.4990
Wealth Quintile 2	2.8709***	1.0212	1.0724	0.4295	1.6891	1.2799	2.9264	2.0445	0.9778	0.5778
Wealth Quintile 3	2.4113***	0.8814	0.3400***	0.1436	2.8607	2.1307	2.1131	1.4218	0.5372	0.3121
Wealth Quintile 4	2.4690**	0.9726	0.4972	0.2178	3.6635*	2.7972	4.0168	3.4623	1.1018	0.6825
Wealth Quintile 5	4.6455***	2.1532	0.9902	0.4739	5.1521**	4.1241	4.1036	3.6775	0.7928	0.5055
Sample (n)	334		324		316		298		322
Pseudo R²	0.0604		0.1141		0.1156		0.1471		0.2189

Reference categories: Age 21–40 years, male, African, single, having children, primary education, unemployed, household size 1–4 and wealth quintile 1 (lowest wealth). All outcome variable are binary in which a value of 1 indicates a diverse diet, medication adherence, exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose and smoking
OR Odds Ratio, SE Standard Error

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