Table 1 Baseline characteristics
From: High body fat percentage is associated with primary aldosteronism: a cross-sectional study
Characteristic | Total (n = 79) | Primary aldosteronism (n = 41) | Essential hypertension (n = 38) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 38.4 ± 14.5 | 41.5 ± 15.2 | 35.0 ± 13.0 | 0.04 |
Male, n (%) | 28 (35.4) | 21 (51.2) | 7 (18.4) | 0.002 |
BMI, kg/m2(mean ± SD) | 29.6 ± 6.8 | 30.0 ± 7.9 | 29.2 ± 5.2 | 0.60 |
Waist circumference, cm (mean ± SD) | ||||
- Male | 97.2 ± 13.1 | 96.9 ± 12.8 | 97.3 ± 13.4 | 0.90 |
- Female | 91.1 ± 18.0 | 92.4 ± 19.6 | 86.7 ± 12.3 | 0.47 |
Smoking, n (%) | 19 (24.1) | 8 (19.5) | 11 (28.9) | 0.32 |
Underlying diseases, n (%) | ||||
- Diabetes mellitus type2 | 9 (11.4) | 7 (17.0) | 2 (5.2) | 0.09 |
- Dyslipidemia | 20 (25.3) | 11 (26.8) | 9 (23.6) | 0.74 |
- Cerebrovascular disease | 6 (7.6) | 4 (9.7) | 2 (5.2) | 0.45 |
- Coronary artery disease | 2 (2.5) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.6) | 0.95 |
Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 44 (55.7) | 25 (60.9) | 19 (50) | 0.32 |
Indication for testing, n (%) | ||||
- Hypertension in young (age <40) | 44 (55.7) | 16 (39.0) | 28 (73.6) | 0.002 |
- Hypertension with hypokalemia | 5 (6.3) | 4 (9.7) | 1 (2.6) | 0.19 |
- Adrenal incidentaloma | 7 (8.9) | 4 (9.7) | 3 (7.8) | 0.77 |
- Resistance hypertension | 13 (16.5) | 9 (21.9) | 4 (10.5) | 0.17 |
Plasma aldosterone concentration, ng/dL (mean ± SD) | 58.1 ± 104.3 | 86.3 ± 138.1 | 24.3 ± 22.6 | 0.007 |
Plasma renin activity, ng/mL/hr., (mean ± SD) | 3.2 ± 15.2 | 0.41 ± 0.4 | 6.09 ± 21.5 | 0.09 |
Serum potassium, mEq/L, (mean ± SD) | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 0.38 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 180.8 ± 42.2 | 182.1 ± 39.3 | 179.3 ± 45.5 | 0.77 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 146.5 ± 99.3 | 119.5 ± 49.3 | 174.8 ± 127.9 | 0.01 |
LDL, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 117.8 ± 42.9 | 120.6 ± 42.2 | 114.8 ± 43.9 | 0.55 |
HDL, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | ||||
- Male | 50.9 ± 24.1 | 54.3 ± 34.6 | 48.7 ± 14.1 | 0.42 |
- Female | 55.2 ± 11.9 | 55.5 ± 11.6 | 54.2 ± 13.7 | 0.82 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 97.6 ± 21.4 | 97.7 ± 26.5 | 97.5 ± 14.6 | 0.96 |
Fasting insulin, μU/mL (mean ± SD) | 21.9 ± 25.5 | 18.4 ± 16.6 | 25.6 ± 32.2 | 0.21 |
HOMA-IR (mean ± SD) | 5.4 ± 6.5 | 4.7 ± 5.0 | 6.1 ± 7.7 | 0.31 |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 1.1 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 1.9 | 0.30 |
Body fat (%), n (%) | ||||
- Male > 25 | 24 (85.7) | 17 (41.4) | 7 (18.4) | 0.214 |
- Female > 30 | 15 (29.4) | 6 (14.6) | 9 (23.7) | 0.941 |