Table 4 Factors associated with Body Mass Index (BMI)
From: Impact of malnutrition on systemic immune and metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetes
Normal BMI | Low BMI | pValue | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age in Years | 39 (33.5–45) | 37 (31–43.5) | 0.270 |
Gender [Male] | 22 (50%) | 22 (50%) | > 0.950 |
Albumin (g/dl) | 4.3 (3.9–4.5) | 3.1 (2.9–3.2) | < 0.001 |
Urea (mg/dl) | 20 (17–22) | 22.5 (18.5–26) | 0.068 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9 (0.7–1) | 0.9 (0.8–1) | 0.280 |
ALT (U/L) | 20 (17–26) | 25 (18–31) | 0.204 |
AST (U/L) | 29 (21.5–36) | 27 (21.5–42) | > 0.950 |
Serum triglycerides (mg/dl) | 89.5 (75–131) | 97.5 (79–154) | 0.155 |
HDL (ml/dl) | 35.5 (31–43) | 41 (33.5–47) | 0.162 |
LDL (ml/dl) | 100 (92–125) | 104 (85.5–136) | 0.858 |
RBG (mg/dl) | 207 (200–233.5) | 271 (224–300) | < 0.001 |
HbA1c | 8.7 (7.5–11.3) | 11.7 (9.7–13.3) | < 0.001 |
Insulin (pg/ml) | 52.2 (31.3–90) | 82.8 (44.1–187.2) | 0.002 |
Glucagon (pg/ml) | 167.9 (150.9–215.8) | 250.1 (185–289.7) | < 0.001 |
Adiponectin (pg/ml) | 160,974 (65794–303,991.3) | 266,212.7 (96,521.4–451,000.8) | 0.023 |
Adipsin (pg/ml) | 17,841.1 (6995.9–45,530.8) | 29,648 (12,397.1–71,191.6) | 0.021 |
Resistin (pg/ml) | 2437.2 (1539.6–4154) | 2828.6 (1988.6–4534.2) | 0.374 |
Leptin (pg/ml) | 2003.2 (1605.1–4767.4) | 1633.6 (1094.6–2819.1) | 0.032 |
Visfatin (pg/ml) | 2978.5 (1660.1–4881.3) | 3648.7 (1949.3–4162.3) | 0.710 |
IFN-γ (pg/ml) | 372.4 (312.4–410.1) | 330.8 (267.2–372.4) | 0.004 |
IL-2 (pg/ml) | 173.9 (128.1–219.5) | 152.8 (82.4–171.2) | 0.010 |
TNF-α (pg/ml) | 318.4 (245–416.2) | 265 (211.5–336.5) | 0.032 |
IL-17A (pg/ml) | 35.3 (29.2–47.7) | 25.5 (18.6–53.8) | 0.026 |
IL-17F (pg/ml) | 186 (85.4–238.6) | 128.3 (82.9–164.3) | 0.041 |
IL-22 (pg/ml) | 97.8 (62–129) | 70.1 (37.5–125.2) | 0.243 |
IL-4 (pg/ml) | 49 (31.5–128.8) | 33.5 (31.1–35.5) | 0.006 |
IL-5 (pg/ml) | 120.6 (114.3–126.9) | 96.9 (71.1–124.3) | 0.014 |
IL-13 (pg/ml) | 78.2 (43.4–98) | 33.3 (22.4–81.9) | 0.008 |
IL-10 (pg/ml) | 111.4 (102.1–119.2) | 96 (90–111.4) | < 0.001 |
TGF-β (pg/ml) | 78.2 (43.4–98) | 33.3 (22.4–81.9) | 0.008 |
GM-CSF (pg/ml) | 206.9 (154.4–252.8) | 151.3 (74.5–220.1) | 0.015 |
G-CSF (pg/ml) | 111.4 (99.9–127.5) | 95.4 (73–109.1) | 0.001 |
MCP-1 (pg/ml) | 234.8 (175.7–327.7) | 165.4 (72.1–247.3) | < 0.001 |
MIP-1β (pg/ml) | 102 (38.9–208.3) | 65.3 (49.5–79.5) | 0.047 |
IL-6 (pg/ml) | 78.3 (49.2–121.1) | 38.1 (26.6–48.8) | < 0.001 |
IL-7 (pg/ml) | 58.2 (49.4–98.2) | 64.5 (32.4–85.5) | 0.341 |
IL-8 (pg/ml) | 284.6 (145.6–322.3) | 79.1 (42.6–134.6) | < 0.001 |
IL-12 (pg/ml) | 98.2 (90.1–118.2) | 90.1 (82.2–104.9) | 0.026 |
IL-1β (pg/ml) | 66.8 (50–125.3) | 69.4 (54.4–74.7) | 0.455 |