Table 1 The comparison of baseline characteristics by tertiles of dietary LI
Characteristics | Total (N = 504) | LI tertiles | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st tertile (N = 166) | 2nd tertile (N = 167) | 3rd tertile (N = 171) | |||
Dietary LI a [mEq/day] | 34.99 (6.91) | 27.07 (4.57) | 35.58 (1.75) | 41.82 (3.11) | < 0.001 |
Demographic variables | |||||
Age, years b | 42.53 (12.03) | 42.64 (11.73) | 42.68 (11.49) | 42.29 (12.84) | 0.94 |
Sex, n (%) | |||||
Male | 203 (44.2) | 47 (31.1) | 64 (42.1) | 92 (59) | 0.01 |
Female | 256 (55.8) | 104 (68.9) | 88 (57.9) | 64 (41) | |
Household size | 3.72 (1.03) | 3.59 (1.01) | 3.76 (0.97) | 3.79 (1.1) | 0.26 |
Occupation, n (%) | |||||
Employee | 32 (6.4) | 8 (1.6) | 11 (2.2) | 13 (2.6) | 0.01 |
Self-employment | 141 (28.3) | 29 (5.8) | 48 (9.6) | 64 (12.8) | |
Family caregiver job, n (%) | |||||
Employee | 67 (13.4) | 22 (4.4) | 23 (4.6) | 22 (4.4) | 0.94 |
Self-employment | 301 (60.3) | 97 (19.4) | 97 (19.4) | 107 (21.4) | |
Marital status, n (%) | |||||
Single | 32(6.4) | 11 (2.2) | 6 (1.2) | 15 (3) | 0.17 |
Married | 470 (93.6) | 151 (30.1) | 159 (31.7) | 160 (31.9) | |
Region, n (%) | |||||
Tabriz | 237(47) | 91(55.8) | 83 (50) | 63 (36) | < 0.001 |
Other | 267 (53) | 72 (44.2) | 83 (50) | 112 (64) | |
Education, n (%) | |||||
Illiterate | 71 (14.1) | 24 (4.8) | 21 (4.2) | 26 (5.2) | < 0.001 |
Diploma or Under diploma | 352 (70) | 98 (19.5) | 121 (24.1) | 133 (26.4) | |
academic | 80 (15.9) | 40 (8) | 24 (4.8) | 16 (3.2) | |
PA (MET-h/week) a | 9.8 (16.2) | 11.5 (17.7) | 9.5 (15.8) | 8.3 (15.1) | 0.2 |
Smoking, n (%) | |||||
Current smoker | 47 (9.4) | 6 (1.2) | 19 (3.8) | 22 (4.4) | 0.03 |
Never-smoker | 447 (89.6) | 152 (30.5) | 145 (29.1) | 150 (30.1) | |
Anthropometric variables [mean (SD)] | |||||
Weight (kg) | 73.57 (13.31) | 72.03 (12.74) | 72.47 (12.49) | 76.11 (14.28) | < 0.001 |
Height (cm) | 163.44 (9.93) | 161.86 (8.47) | 163.23 (9.36) | 165.13 (11.39) | 0.01 |
BMI, kg/m2 a | 27.64 (5.43) | 27.45 (4.56) | 27.29 (4.86) | 28.18 (6.59) | 0.2 |
WC (cm) | 91.37 (12.93) | 88.65 (15.03) | 92.19 (11.94) | 93.11 (11.3) | < 0.001 |
HC (cm) | 104.27 (11.38) | 105.42 (10.97) | 103.76 (9.96) | 103.69 (12.87) | |
Blood Pressure | |||||
SBP (mm Hg) | 123.35 (17.19) | 118.89 (17.46) | 120.03 (15.42) | 130.52 (16.24) | < 0.001 |
DBP (mm Hg) | 78.33 (12.39) | 79.8(12.16) | 78.11 (11.45) | 77.2 (13.36) | 0.16 |
Dietary factors | |||||
Carbohydrates (%) | 56.5 (12.5) | 58.6 (11.2) | 56.4 (12.6) | 54.5 (13.7) | 0.05 |
Protein (%) | 14.8 (4.4) | 14.5 (3.4) | 14.8 (4.2) | 15 (5.5) | 0.03 |
Fat (%) | 29 (5.5) | 26.9 (4.3) | 28.8 (5.4) | 30.5 (6.8) | 0.03 |
Total energy a | 3454 (1420) | 2755.2 (1232.5) | 3211 (1022.2) | 4381 (1454) | < 0.001 |