Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants at recruitment

 Age (Years)^a

39.06 ± 10.06

36.06 ± 8.20

38.33 ± 7.71

40.31 ± 10.22

 Weight (Kg)^a

67.22 ± 10.76

73.52 ± 12.28

71.44 ± 11.27

69.71 ± 11.75

 Height(m)^a

1.56 ± 0.0538

1.57 ± 0.05

1.57 ± 0.05

1.57 ± 0.05

 BMI (kg/ m²)^a

27.34 ± 4.34

29.74 ± 5.18

28.62 ± 4.33

28.20 ± 4.57

 FBS (mg/dL)^a

88.46 ± 8.70

87.74 ± 10.11

89.73 ± 10.09

87.67 ± 8.69

 BS-2hpp(mg/dL)^a

106.62 ± 25.82

107.76 ± 24.80

109.07 ± 22.89

104.12 ± 24.60

Smoking status

39 (3.4%)

2 (2.6%)

14 (5.2%)

20 (4.8%)

Family history of diabetes

316 (27.9%)

21 (27.3%)

80 (29.7%)

101 (24.3%)

Educational status

  < 6 years

384 (33.9%)

32 (41.5%)

69 (26.6%)

122 (29.3%)

 6–12 years

632 (55.8%)

41 (53.2%)

178 (66.2%)

256 (61.5%)

  > 12 years

116 (10.2%)

4 (5.2%)

22 (8.2%)

38 (9.1%)

Triglycerides (mg/dL) ^b

126 (87–181)

121 (85–176)

128 (92–201)

131 (90–189)

Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)^a

205.14 ± 46.14

200.18 ± 37.10

205.21 ± 38.00

209.60 ± 47.56

Systolic-BP (mmHg)^a

114.06 ± 16.87

111.66 ± 13.49

113.04 ± 13.93

115.14 ± 16.35

Diastolic-BP (mmHg)^a

76.08 ± 10.42

74.93 ± 8.30

76.53 ± 9.75

75.93 ± 10.18

Free-T4(ng/dL)^b

1.16 (1.06–1.26)

1.02 (0.86–1.20)

1.13 (1.06–1.24)

1.05 (0.89–1.18)

TSH (mIU/L)^b

1.72 (1.09–2.60)

3.59 (1.87–6.33)

1.61 (1.08–2.31)

3.90 (1.98–6.37)

TPOAb level (IU/mL)^b

5.05 (3.17–8.39)

44.49 (4.94–264.77)

4.33 (3.15–9.52)

71.58 (12.49–245.28)

Hypothyroidism n(%)^c

0

10 (13%)

0

54 (13%)

Subclinical Hypothyroidism n(%)^c

0

17 (22.1%)

0

113 (27.2%)

TPOAb positivity n(%)^c

0

47 (61%)

0

274 (65.8%)

Hypothyroxinemia n(%)^c

0

15 (19.5%)

0

59 (14.2%)