| Characteristics | Total | Menstrual period | Menopausal transition period | Postmenopausal | P |
|---|
| Number, n (%) | 5373 | 2807 (52.2) | 675 (12.6) | 1891 (35.2) | |
| Age, years | 44.7 ± 12.9 | 34.5 ± 7.8 | 44.4 ± 5.5 | 58.5 ± 7.4 | < 0.001 |
| Education level, n (%) | | | | | < 0.001 |
| Illiteracy/primary, | 292 (5.4) | 7 (0.3) | 9 (1.3) | 276 (14.6) | |
| Middle school | 2438 (45.4) | 723 (25.8) | 350 (51.9) | 1365 (72.2) | |
| College or above | 2643 (56.7) | 2077 (74.0) | 216 (46.8) | 250 (13.2) | |
| Income, ¥/month, n (%) | | | | | < 0.001 |
| ≤ ¥3000 | 2843 (52.9) | 967 (34.5) | 375 (55.6) | 1501 (79.4) | |
| ¥3001–5000 | 2208 (41.1) | 1611 (57.4) | 249 (36.9) | 348 (18.4) | |
| > ¥5000 | 322 (6.0) | 229 (8.2) | 51 (7.6) | 42 (2.2) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | | | | | < 0.001 |
| Unmarried | 241 (5.7) | 232 (8.3) | 2 (0.3) | 7 (0.4) | |
| Married | 4994 (93.0) | 2533 (90.2) | 656 (97.2) | 1805 (95.5) | |
| Other | 138 (2.6) | 42 (1.5) | 17 (2.5) | 79 (4.2) | |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 106 (12.0) | 38 (1.4) | 20 (3.0) | 48 (2.5) | 0.002 |
| Current drinking, n (%) | 204 (3.8) | 139 (5.0) | 28 (4.2) | 37 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity, n (%) | | | | | < 0.001 |
| Inactive | 1923 (35.8) | 1101 (39.2) | 228 (33.8) | 594 (31.4) | |
| Moderately active | 957 (17.8) | 519 (18.5) | 160 (23.7) | 278 (14.7) | |
| Active | 2493 (46.4) | 1187 (42.3) | 287 (42.5) | 1019 (53.9) | |
| Menarche age, years | 14.6 ± 1.8 | 13.9 ± 1.5 | 14.5 ± 1.6 | 15.6 ± 1.9 | < 0.001 |
| Parity | | | | | < 0.001 |
| 0 | 543 (10.1) | 518 (18.5) | 19 (2.8) | 6 (0.3) | |
| 1 | 3847 (71.6) | 2182 (77.7) | 618 (91.6) | 1047 (55.4) | |
| ≥2 | 983 (18.3) | 107 (3.8) | 38 (5.6) | 838 (44.3) | |
| Estrogen replacement therapy, n (%) | 134 (2.5) | 1 (0.1) | 8 (1.2) | 125 (6.6) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1311 (24.4) | 264 (9.4) | 136 (20.2) | 911 (48.2) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 317 (5.9) | 48 (1.7) | 21 (3.1) | 248 (13.1) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1658 (30.9) | 458 (16.3) | 201 (29.8) | 999 (52.8) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 3.5 | 22.8 ± 3.4 | 23.9 ± 3.4 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 81.7 ± 10.0 | 78.9 ± 9.5 | 81.3 ± 9.4 | 86.1 ± 9.3 | < 0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 96.3 ± 7.9 | 94.9 ± 7.7 | 96.4 ± 7.6 | 98.3 ± 7.9 | < 0.001 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| General obesity, n (%) | 607 (11.3) | 205 (7.3) | 78 (11.6) | 324 (17.1) | < 0.001 |
| Central obesity, n (%) | 2577 (48.0) | 1052 (37.5) | 288 (42.7) | 1237 (65.4) | < 0.001 |
| NAFLD, n (%) | 1674 (31.9) | 566 (20.7) | 196 (29.7) | 912 (49.1) | < 0.001 |
| PFV (cm3) | 132.8 ± 100.7 | 92.5 ± 41.4 | 95.8 ± 37.7 | 153.6 ± 115.9 | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
- Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, PFV pericardial fat volume, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
