Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the population comparing patients with and without MS
From: Comparison of indirect markers of insulin resistance in adult patients with Double Diabetes
Total population (n = 112) | Without MS (n = 75) | With MS (n = 37) | pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Female sex | 66 (74) | 64 (48) | 70 (26) | NS |
Age, years | 35 (26–43) | 34 (25–40) | 37 (31–47) | 0.035 |
Time since diagnosis, years | 22 (15–29) | 22 (14–28) | 24 (16–38) | NS |
Insulin dose: | ||||
U/day | 43 (32–60) | 42 (31–54) | 52 (34–65) | NS |
U/kg/day | 0.70 (0.54–0.96) | 0.69 (0.53–0.96) | 0.72 (0.53–0.93) | NS |
Weight, kg | 63 (55–71) | 60 (54–69) | 66 (58–78) | 0.007 |
Height, m | 1.62 ± 0.89 | 1.62 ± 0.92 | 1.62 ± 0.85 | NS |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.2 ± 3.3 | 23.4 ± 2.7 | 25.9 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
WC, cm | 84 (78–91) | 79 (74–87) | 88 (83–97) | < 0.001 |
Female | 81 (75–88) | 78 (74–85) | 85 (81–92) | 0.002 |
Male | 87 (81–97) | 83 (78–87) | 97 (90–102) | 0.001 |
Hip circumference, cm | 98 (93–103) | 97 (92–101) | 100 (94–105) | 0.014 |
WHR | 0.86 ± 0.08 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.89 ± 0.07 | < 0.001 |
Female | 0.83 ± 0.06 | 0.82 ± 0.06 | 0.86 ± 0.05 | 0.028 |
Male | 0.90 ± 0.07 | 0.87 ± 0.05 | 0.96 ± 0.06 | < 0.001 |
SBP, mmHg | 106 ± 15 | 104 ± 14 | 110 ± 17 | 0.027 |
DBP, mmHg | 71 ± 9 | 69 ± 8 | 74 ± 10 | 0.017 |
FBG, mg/dl | 133 (80–222) | 138 (79–232) | 126 (85–195) | NS |
HbA1c, % | 8.61 ± 1.73 | 8.4 ± 1.6 | 9.0 ± 1.8 | NS |
TG, mg/dl | 113 (78–172) | 94 (70–135) | 172 (123–249) | < 0.001 |
TC, mg/dl | 169 (142–195) | 169 (142–190) | 165 (141–204) | NS |
HDL-c, mg/dl | 51 (44–63) | 56 (48–68) | 45 (37–49) | < 0.001 |
Female | 57 (45–67) | 61 (51–72) | 45 (38–53) | < 0.001 |
Male | 49 (40–54) | 49 (40–56) | 47 (35–49) | NS |
LDL-c, mg/dl | 89 (73–111) | 88 (73–110) | 92 (75–111) | NS |
GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2SC | 74.7 (43.7–106.8) | 77.6 (57.6–116.6) | 52.6 (28.9–91.1) | 0.029 |
Metabolic Syndrome and Comorbidities, %(n) | ||||
Hypertension | 33 (37) | 16 (12) | 68 (25) | < 0.001 |
Hypertriglyceridemia | 14 (16) | 0 | 43 (16) | < 0.001 |
Low HDL-c | 31 (35) | 16 (12) | 62 (23) | < 0.001 |
Central obesity | 36 (41) | 23 (17) | 65 (24) | < 0.001 |
Female | 26 (30) | 17 (13) | 46 (17) | < 0.001 |
Male | 10 (11) | 5 (4) | 19 (7) | 0.020 |
Obesity (BMI) | 0.029 | |||
Normal | 65 (72) | 74 (55) | 46 (17) | |
Overweight | 24 (27) | 19 (14) | 35 (13) | |
Class I Obesity | 7 (7) | 4 (3) | 14 (5) | |
Class II Obesity | 1 (1) | 0 | 3 (1) | |
Hypercholesterolemia | 21 (24) | 13 (10) | 38 (14) | 0.006 |
Gout | 4 (5) | 0 | 14 (5) | 0.003 |
Microvascular disease | ||||
Nephropathy | 14 (16) | 12 (9) | 19 (7) | NS |
Neuropathy | 13 (14) | 9 (7) | 19 (7) | NS |
Retinopathy | 7 (8) | 5 (4) | 11 (4) | NS |
KDIGO Stages: | 0.044 | |||
Stage 1 | 47 (53) | 51 (38) | 41 (15) | |
Stage 2 | 25 (28) | 29 (22) | 16 (6) | |
Stage 3 | 17 (19) | 15 (11) | 22 (8) | |
Stage 4 | 6 (7) | 4 (3) | 11 (4) | |
Stage 5 | 4 (5) | 1 (1) | 11 (4) | |