Associations of serum low-density lipoprotein and systolic blood pressure levels with type 2 diabetic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy: systemic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of observational studies

Table 4 Associations between SBP levels with the type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy risk

Subgroup analyses		N (%)	T2DM with DPN*	T2DM without DPN	SMD (95% CI)	Heterogeneity
Subgroup analyses		N (%)	Mean + SD	Mean + SD	SMD (95% CI)	P-value**	I-squared
Ethnicity	Asia	26	134.64 + 18.81	132.26 + 16.55	−2.38 (−3.81 - -0.95)	<0.001	85.70
	Europe	2	150.27 + 11.45	144.66 + 9.85	−5.61 (−12.66–1.45)	0.03	78.38
	America	1	146.00 + 23.00	142.00 + 22.00	−4.00 (−8.35–0.35)	NA	NA
Study type	Case control	6	134.52 + 18.59	133.58 + 17.99	−0.94 (− 5.49–3.61)	<0.001	91.33
	Cohort	2	148.07 + 21.20	145.00 + 20.10	−3.07 (−6.25–0.11)	0.54	0.00
	Cross-sectional	21	135.57 + 18.67	132.51 + 16.43	−3.06 (− 4.55 - -1.57)	<0.001	83.99
Total (Random Effect Model)		29 (100)	141.08 + 19.10	138.45 + 18.50	−2.63 (− 4.00 - -1.27)	<0.001	84.88

*The negative combined effect suggests that the LDL mean was higher in the non- type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy comparable group i.e. diabetes whereas the positive value would suggest greater LDL mean values in the type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy group
**P-values is calculated LDL mean between the T2DM with and without DPN
All LDL is reported in mmol/L
Abbreviations: N, number; T2DM, type-2 diabetes mellitus; DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy; SMD, standardized mean difference; Cl: Confidence interval

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