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Table 2 Adjusted Mean Healthy Eating Index Score by Education, Income and Food Security Status

From: Diet quality trends among adults with diabetes by socioeconomic status in the U.S.: 1999–2014

Variable (N)

Overall

1999–2000

2001–2002

2003–2004

2005–2006

2007–2008

2009–2010

2011–2012

2013–2014

 

Mean HEI (95%CI)

Mean HEI (95%CI)

Mean HEI (95%CI)

Mean HEI (95%CI)

Mean HEI (95%CI)

Mean HEI (95%CI)

Mean HEI (95%CI)

Mean HEI (95%CI)

Mean HEI (95%CI)

Overall (5882)

51.3 (50.7–51.9)

49.4 (48.3–50.5)

49.8 (48.9–50.7)

50.2 (49.5–50.9)

50.7 (50.0–51.3)

51.1 (50.4–51.8)

51.5 (50.7–52.3)

52.0 (50.9–53.0)

52.4 (51.1–53.6)

Education (5870)

 <HS%

48.8 (47.8–49.8)

47.1 (45.8–48.5)

47.5 (46.3–48.7)

47.8 (46.7–48.9)

48.1 (47.1–49.2)

48.5 (47.4–49.6)

48.8 (47.7–50.0)

49.2 (47.9–50.5)

49.5 (48.0–51.0)

 HS%

51.2 (50.2–52.3)

49.5 (48.2–50.9)

49.9 (48.7–51.1)

50.2 (49.1–51.3)

50.6 (49.5–51.6)

50.9 (49.8–52.0)

51.3 (50.1–52.4)

51.6 (50.3–52.9)

51.9 (50.5–53.4)

 >HS%

52.9 (52.1–53.8)

51.3 (50.1–52.5)

51.6 (50.6–52.6)

51.9 (51.0–52.9)

52.3 (51.4–53.1)

52.6 (51.7–53.5)

53.0 (52.0–54.0)

53.3 (52.1–54.5)

53.6 (52.3–55.0)

Poverty to Income Ratio (5357)

 <100%

49.0 (47.7–50.3)

47.3 (45.7–48.9)

47.6 (46.2–49.1)

48.0 (46.7–49.4)

48.4 (47.1–49.7)

48.7 (47.4–50.1)

49.1 (47.7–50.6)

49.5 (47.9–51.1)

49.9 (48.1–51.6)

 100–200%

49.7 (48.6–50.8)

48.0 (46.5–49.5)

48.4 (47.1–49.7)

48.7 (47.6–49.9)

49.1 (48.0–50.2)

49.5 (48.4–50.6)

49.9 (48.6–51.1)

50.2 (48.9–51.6)

50.6 (49.1–52.1)

 >200%

52.6 (51.9–53.4)

50.9 (49.7–52.2)

51.3 (50.3–52.3)

51.7 (50.8–52.5)

52.0 (51.3–52.8)

52.4 (51.6–53.2)

52.8 (51.9–53.6)

53.1 (52.1–54.2)

53.5 (52.2–54.8)

Adult Food Security 5791)

 Food Insecure

49.5 (48.4–50.6)

47.5 (46.0–49.1)

48.0 (46.6–49.4)

48.4 (47.2–49.7)

48.9 (47.8–50.0)

49.4 (48.3–50.4)

49.8 (48.7–50.9)

50.3 (49.1–51.5)

50.8 (49.4–52.1)

 Food Secure

51.6 (50.9–52.3)

49.6 (48.5–50.7)

50.1 (49.2–50.9)

50.5 (49.8–51.3)

51.0 (50.3–51.7)

51.4 (50.7–52.2)

51.9 (51.0–52.8)

52.4 (51.3–53.5)

52.8 (51.5–54.1)

  1. Abbreviations: HEI Healthy Eating Index, HS High School; Poverty to Income Ratio represents a ratio of participant’s household income to federal poverty threshold in year of data collection, accounting for household size. Results are weighted means estimated from linear regression models with terms for education, income, or food insecurity along with NHANES cycle, and adjusted for gender, age, and race/ethnicity