The impact of cancer on diabetes outcomes

BMC Endocrine Disorders

Table 3 Mortality and other outcomes during 19 years of follow up

Outcome	Incidence rate (events per 1000 patient years, 95% CI)		Hazard ratio (95% CI)^a for cancer versus no cancer^b	P value^c
Outcome	No cancer	Cancer	Hazard ratio (95% CI)^a for cancer versus no cancer^b	P value^c
All-cause mortality	48.3 (44.8–51.9)	226.7 (199.3–256.7)	3.33 (2.72–4.06)	< 0.0001
Diabetes-related deaths	34.2 (31.3–37.3)	87.7 (71.1–107.2)	1.81 (1.41–2.32)	<.0.0001
Any diabetes-related endpoint	64.3 (59.4–69.5)	418.7 (351.5–495.1)	1.36 (1.07–1.71)	0.011
Myocardial infarction	26.3 (23.6–29.2)	90.3 (71.2–113.1)	1.76 (1.29–2.39)	0.0003
Stroke	19.2 (16.9–21.7)	47.5 (34.3–64.3)	1.04 (0.68–1.57)	0.87
Peripheral vascular disease	4.16 (3.18–5.35)	7.54 (3.22–14.9)	0.92 (0.35–2.44)	0.86
Microvascular disease	10.4 (8.80–12.2)	33.4 (23.0–46.9)	1.44 (0.87–2.38)	0.16

^aThe hazard ratio (HR) is calculated in a Cox proportional hazard regression model where the first cancer diagnosis is a time-varying covariate. The corresponding 95% CI and P values are determined using a sandwich estimator for the variance to account for clustering of patients within practices
^bAdjusted for age, sex and clustering, as well as for the following variables at diagnosis: live alone, basic school education, body mass index, hypertension, diagnostic fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, sedentary physical activity, and current smoking
^cTests the effect of cancer versus no cancer within patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
The influence of prevalent or incident cancer

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