Mortality in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: a retrospective study of 513 cases from a single Centre in the Northern Territory of Australia

Table 2 Independent associations with all-cause mortality in univariate and multivariate analysis in patients with diabetes foot ulcers

Parameter	Univariate HR	Multivariate HR (Model 1)	Multivariate HR (Model 2)
Age	1.03^*** [1.02,1.04]	1.12^** [1.03,1.20]	1.04^*** [1.02,1.06]
Ethnicity (Indigenous)	1.45^** [1.10,1.92]	0.65 [0.097,4.42]
Past ulcer	1.43^* [1.06,1.92]	2.70 [0.36,20.34]
Peripheral vascular disease	2.04^*** [1.54,2.71]	2.41 [0.47,12.41]
Retinopathy	1.32 [0.97,1.78]	5.13 [0.54,48.97]
Macrovascular disease	1.78^*** [1.34,2.36]	12.11^* [1.65,88.66]	1.36 [0.92,2.01]
Chronic Kidney Disease	1.24^*** [1.16,1.33]	1.63^* [1.03,2.60]	1.22^*** [1.11,1.34]
Blood HbA1c	0.92^* [0.85,0.99]	1.24 [0.98,1.5]	1.00 [0.92,1.08]
Blood Haemoglobin	0.99^*** [0.98,0.99]	0.95^* [0.90,0.99]	0.99 [0.98,1.00]
Serum Albumin	0.97^** [0.95,0.99]	1.31^* [1.06,1.63]	0.97^* [0.94,0.995]
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase	1.004^*** [1.002,1.005]	1.007 [0.99,1.02]
Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio	1.002^*** [1.001,1.002]	1.00 [0.999,1.007]
Non-compliance	2.038^** [1.276,3.255]	4.43 [0.33,58.51]

Hazard Ratio; 95% confidence intervals in brackets; ^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01, ^*** P < 0.001; Model 1 included variables with P < 0.01 in univariate analysis. Model 2 included variables with P < 0.01 in Model 1. Gender, remoteness, diabetes duration, ulcer duration, ulcer site, ulcer area, Wagner Grade, amputation, hypertension, smoking, alcohol or other drug abuse, neuropathy, retinopathy, inflammation markers, lipid levels, gamma-glutamyl trans-peptidase and insulin therapy were not associated with mortality

ISSN: 1472-6823