Table 2 Major studies on the long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery in obese patients with T2DM

Sjöström et al., 2004 [35]

SOS cohort

LAGB, VBG, RYGB

10 years

CVD risk factors (remission/prevention)

↑ recovery from T2DM, dyslipidemia, HTN and hyperuricemia, ↓ incidence of T2DM and lipid disorders after surgery

Adams et al., 2007 [49]

N = 9949

RYGB

7.1 years

Total and cause-specific mortality

↓ T2DM-, cancer- and CHD-related mortality,

↑ mortality related to accidents and suicide after RYGB

Sjöström et al., 2007 [48]

SOS cohort

LAGB, VBG, RYGB

10.9 years

Overall mortality

↓ CVD, cancer and overall mortality after surgery vs. usual conventional care

Iaconelli et al., 2011 [39]

N = 110, BMI > 35, newly diagnosed decompensated T2DM

BPD

10 years

Micro- and macrovascular complications, renal function, T2DM remission

↑ recovery from microalbuminuria,

↓ CHD probability after surgery vs. medical arm

Adams et al., 2012 [36]

N = 1156,

BMI > 35

RYGB

6 years

Weight loss, T2DM remission

Superior weight loss maintenance,

↑ T2DM remission,

↓ T2DM incidence after surgery vs. control group

Sjöström et al., 2012 [45]

SOS cohort

LAGB, VBG, RYGB

14.7 years

Stroke, myocardial infarction

↓ CVD incidence and mortality after surgery vs. usual conventional care

Arterburn et al., 2013 [26]

N = 4434, inadequately controlled T2DM

RYGB

10 years

T2DM remission

68% T2DM remission within 5 years post-RYGB, 35% relapse within 5 years after initial remission, median duration of remission 8.3 years

Brethauer et al., 2013 [44]

N = 217

LAGB, RYGB, SG

6 years

T2DM remission, cardiometabolic comorbidities

25% T2DM remission after surgery, 19% T2DM relapse after initial remission, up to 80% control of cardiometabolic risk factors

Sjöström et al., 2014 [40]

SOS cohort

LAGB, VBG, RYGB

18 years

T2DM remission, micro- and macrovascular complications

↓ incidence of micro- and macrovascular T2DM-related complications

Arterburn et al., 2015 [47]

N = 2500,

mainly ♂

LAGB, RYGB, SG

14 years

Mortality/ survival

↓ all-cause mortality after surgery

Mingrone et al., 2015 [8]

N = 60, BMI > 35, inadequately controlled T2DM for at least 5 years

RYGB, BPD

5 years

T2DM remission, CVD risk, medication use, QOL, diabetes-related complications

↑T2DM remission but existing risk of relapse,↓lipids, CVD risk, medication use and major complications after surgery vs. conventional diabetes treatment

Schauer et al., 2017 [38]

N = 150, BMI 27–43,

poorly controlled T2DM

RYGB, SG

5 years

HbA1c <6% with or without medication

Metabolic endpoint met by 29% of RYGB, 23% of SG and 5% of IMT group, superior weight loss, better lipid profile, ↓ use of insulin, ↑ QOL after surgery