Table 1 Subject characteristics of the complete two groups, unadjusted
Non-FDR | FDR | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 73 | 200 | |
Sex male (%) | 33 (45.2) | 81 (40.5) | 0.576 |
Age (years) | 36.68 (7.99) | 40.05 (7.16) | 0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 83.93 (14.86) | 75.98 (12.95) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.22 (3.91) | 25.14 (3.47) | <0.001 |
Fat percent (%) | 27.87 (9.24) | 26.42 (8.09) | 0.218 |
DI (mL/mol/min) | 3.63 (3.56) | 2.78 (2.88) | 0.108 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 90.37 (10.64) | 88.39 (10.20) | 0.169 |
WHR | 0.85 (0.08) | 0.86 (0.08) | 0.334 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.53 (8.98) | 73.64 (9.75) | 0.003 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121.19 (14.50) | 115.99 (12.22) | 0.004 |
High heredity for T2D (%) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (3.6) | <0.001 |
High heredity for CHD (%) | 9 (13.0) | 76 (29.6) | 0.001 |
Currently smoking (%) | 7 (10.2) | 22 (11.3) | 0.877 |
Exercise >4 times per week (%) | 41 (57.7) | 68 (35.2) | 0.008 |
High stress level (%) | 9 (13.0) | 34 (17.7) | 0.010 |
Serum adiponectin (ng/mL) | 8295.29 (3551.68) | 9064.92 (4436.85) | 0.233 |
Serum triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.91 (0.48) | 1.03 (0.54) | 0.131 |
Serum HDL (mmol/L) | 1.42 (0.32) | 1.55 (0.38) | 0.031 |
Serum cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.66 (0.86) | 4.82 (0.89) | 0.185 |
Serum LDL (mmol/L) | 3.78 (0.80) | 2.84 (0.84) | <0.001 |
Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 74.91 (12.45) | 85.86 (16.81) | <0.001 |
OGTT fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 4.74 (0.36) | 4.81 (0.42) | 0.165 |
OGTT plasma glucose 30 min (mmol/L) | 7.55 (1.54) | 7.99 (1.54) | 0.044 |
OGTT plasma glucose 60 min (mmol/L) | 6.90 (1.90) | 7.76 (2.12) | 0.003 |
OGTT plasma glucose 90 min (mmol/L) | 5.87 (1.51) | 6.95 (1.89) | <0.001 |
OGTT plasma glucose 120 min (mmol/L) | 5.56 (1.37) | 6.12 (1.59) | 0.010 |
OGTT fasting serum insulin (pmol/L) | 58.77 (36.19) | 49.20 (29.30) | 0.048 |
OGTT serum insulin 30 min (pmol/L) | 489.05 (336.05) | 412.03 (245.01) | 0.068 |
OGTT serum insulin 60 min (pmol/L) | 454.58 (297.68) | 431.35 (261.66) | 0.572 |
OGTT serum insulin 90 min (pmol/L) | 336.85 (257.46) | 396.38 (297.55) | 0.162 |
OGTT serum insulin 120 min (pmol/L) | 305.38 (267.73) | 318.93 (288.16) | 0.746 |
HOMA-β (%) | 150.53 (81.27) | 118.88 (63.90) | 0.003 |
IGI (pmol/mmol) | 194.70 (250.13) | 136.18 (144.01) | 0.044 |
M-value (GIR/kg/min: g/kg/min) | 11.94 (4.49) | 13.00 (4.16) | 0.085 |
M/I | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.083 |
OGTT insulin AUC (pmol/L/120 min | 44,235.77 (28,021.78) | 43,030.71 (25,137.08) | 0.764 |
OGTT glucose AUC (mmol/L/120 min | 763.75 (149.28) | 844.66 (166.09) | <0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 12.58 (2.27) | 10.69 (0.19) | 0.092 |