Table 1 Clinical and biochemical characteristics

Age (years)

42.7 ± 5.8

44.9 ± 4.0

45.2 ± 6.6

45.4 ± 5.1

Height (cm)

162.3 ± 5.7

160.5 ± 5.9

161.9 ± 6.1

161.1 ± 5.2

Weight (Kg)

58.7 ± 5.7

59.5 ± 5.7

62.1 ± 4.8

64.1 ± 4.4

BMI (kg/cm²)

23.5 ± 2.7

22.9 ± 2.1

24.0 ± 2.1

23.8 ± 1.5

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

108.8 ± 6.5

130.4 ± 5.5^a

111.0 ± 6.0

131.3 ± 4.9^a

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

68.5 ± 5.0

80.3 ± 4.4^a

70.9 ± 4.8

80.9 ± 5.4^a

Heart rate (beats/min)

72.2 ± 7.9

72.8 ± 7.4

73.7 ± 10.2

75.0 ± 7.7

AST (mmol/L)

24.3 ± 5.8

26.9 ± 8.1

27.7 ± 6.0

25.7 ± 6.5

ALT (mmol/L)

22.9 ± 5.2

24.5 ± 5.1

24.8 ± 6.1

21.7 ± 5.7

BUN (mmol/L)

5.7 ± 0.8

5.5 ± 1.2

5.9 ± 1.3

5.4 ± 1.1

Cr (mmol/L)

72.2 ± 14.8

66.4 ± 16.4

73.1 ± 15.2

65.2 ± 18.0

LDL (mmol/L)

2.98 ± 0.33

2.88 ± 0.55

3.10 ± 0.37

3.09 ± 0.36

TC (mmol/L)

4.93 ± 0.44

4.92 ± 0.65

5.11 ± 0.39

5.08 ± 0.42

HDL (mmol/L)

1.37 ± 0.24

1.40 ± 0.21

1.31 ± 0.19

1.34 ± 0.16

TG (mmol/L)

1.44 ± 0.19

1.39 ± 0.17

1.50 ± 0.21

1.46 ± 0.12

FPG (mmol/L)

4.71 ± 0.67

4.51 ± 0.61

8.91 ± 1.16^b

8.73 ± 1.08^b

2hPG(mmol/L)

6.25 ± 0.66

6.17 ± 0.67

10.87 ± 1.72^b

10.31 ± 1.61^b

HbA₁C(%)

5.31 ± 0.58

5.18 ± 0.63

8.49 ± 1.47^b

8.15 ± 1.52^b

hrCRP (mmol/L)

0.961 ± 0.509

1.130 ± 0.615

1.953 ± 0.852^b

1.828 ± 0.882^b

FMD(%)

10.29 ± 1.16

9.79 ± 1.22

5.87 ± 5.49^b

5.49 ± 0.129^b

GMD(%)

22.49 ± 2.12

21.89 ± 2.45

21.05 ± 2.47

21.37 ± 2.68