Table 1 Baseline characteristics (N = 158)

 Age (years), mean ± SD

58.2 ± 11.5

 Gender, n (%)

  Male

78 (49.4)

  Female

80 (50.6)

 Duration of type 2 diabetes (years), mean ± SD

11.0 ± 7.2

 BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD

38.1 ± 6.6

 Waist perimeter (cm), mean ± SD

119.2 ± 13.7

 Body fat (%), mean ± SD

40.6 ± 7.7

 HbA1c (mmol/mol), mean ± SD

68 ± 16

 MBG (mmol/L), mean ± SD

10.8 ± 2.4

 FPG (mmol/L), mean ± SD

10.1 ± 3.6

 HDL (mmol/L), mean ± SD

1.1 ± 0.3

 LDL (mmol/L), mean ± SD

2.7 ± 1.0

 TC (mmol/L), mean ± SD

4.8 ± 1.3