Fig. 2

Adjusted means (±SEM) of serum OPG concentrations in participants with normal urinary albumin excretion (Nor-AU) (n = 1,539), microalbuminuria (Micro-AU) (n = 103) and macroalbuminuria (Macro-AU) (n = 14). The co-variables included gender, age, BMI, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, HOMA-IR, current smoking and alcohol intake, serum triacylglycerol, plasma glucose, blood pressure, menopausal status and use of antihypertensive drugs. There was no significant difference between the groups with micro- and macroalbuminuria (p = 0.69), while the OPG level was significantly higher in the group with microalbuminuria than in the normal group (p < 0.01)