Table 2 Hazard ratios for presence of elevated depressive symptoms and antidepressant use with respect to incident diabetes risk
Unadjusted Cox PH model | Approach 1a | Approach 2a | Approach 3a | Approach 4a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cox PH Model (baseline antidepressant medication use and baseline presence of elevated depressive symptoms) | Cox PH Models (baseline values of all predictors) | Cox Models (time varying antidepressant medication use, presence of elevated depressive symptoms, and BMI; baseline values for other covariates) | Cox Models (time varying antidepressant medication use, presence of elevated depressive symptoms, and BMI; adjusted for propensity score and baseline values for other covariates) | Marginal Structural Models (time varying antidepressant medication use, presence of elevated depressive symptoms, and BMI; baseline values for other covariates) | |
Predictor | HR (95 % CI) | HR (95 % CI) | HR (95 % CI) | HR (95 % CI) | HR (95 % CI) |
Observational Cohort (OS) (N = 68,169) | |||||
Antidepressant medication use up to year 3 | 1.26 | 1.19 | 1.31 | 1.32 | 1.35 |
(1.12–1.41) | (1.06–1.35) | (1.18–1.46) | (1.19–1.47) | (1.21–1.51) | |
Presence of elevated depressive symptoms | 1.34 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.09 | 1.10 |
(1.23–1.45) | (1.02–1.21) | (1.03–1.23) | (1.00–1.19) | (1.00–1.20) | |
Clinical Trial (CT) (N = 52,326) | |||||
Antidepressant medication use up to year 3 | 1.17 | 1.14 | 1.26 | 1.25 | 1.27 |
(1.04–1.31) | (1.01–1.30) | (1.12–1.41) | (1.12–1.40) | (1.13–1.43) | |
Presence of elevated depressive symptoms | 1.31 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.09 | 1.10 |
(1.21–1.42) | (1.04–1.23) | (1.03–1.22) | (0.996–1.18) | (1.00–1.20) | |