Table 3 Multivariable adjusted predictors for choosing a loose treatment target

Age (years) (≥ vs. < median)

1.37 (1.24-1.51)

1.28 (1.04-1.56)

1.11 (1.00-1.24)

0.95 (0.74-1.21)

Female sex (%)

1.00 (0.91-1.10)

1.01 (0.84-1.22)

0.94 (0.85-1.05)

1.22 (0.97-1.54)

BMI (kg/m²) (≥ vs. < median)

1.06 (0.96-1.16)

1.07 (0.86-1.34)

1.09 (0.98-1.22)

0.94 (0.72-1.23)

Waist circumference (cm) (≥ vs. < median)

1.08 (0.91-1.27)

1.01 (0.81-1.26)

1.05 (0.87-1.28)

1.00 (0.77-1.31)

Current smokers (%)

0.98 (0.84-1.14)

1.13 (0.85-1.50)

1.02 (0.86-1.21)

1.15 (0.82-1.61)

Diabetes duration (months) (≥ vs. < median)

1.14 (1.03-1.26)

0.97 (0.80-1.17)

1.50 (1.34-1.67)

1.36 (1.09-1.70)

FBG (mmol/l) (≥ vs. < median)

1.38 (1.24-1.53)

1.29 (1.06-1.58)

2.31 (2.03-2.62)

1.24 (0.96-1.59)

HbA1c (%)(≥ vs. < median)

1.33 (1.20-1.47)

1.14 (0.93-1.41)

4.03 (3.58-4.53)

3.20 (2.47-4.05)

SBP (mmHg) (≥ vs. < median)

2.83 (2.54-3.14)

2.23 (1.84-2.70)

1.25 (1.12-1.40)

1.22 (0.98-1.53)

Prior MI (yes vs. no)

0.87 (0.72-1.04)

0.86 (0.61-1.20)

1.05 (0.86-1.28)

0.85 (0.57-1.27)

Prior stroke/TIA (yes vs. no)

1.09 (0.90-1.33)

0.77 (0.54-1.10)

1.11 (0.89-1.39)

0.64 (0.41-0.99)

Heart failure (yes vs. no)

1.45 (1.27-1.66)

1.71 (1.33-2.21)

1.44 (1.23-1.67)

1.54 (1.13-2.09)

PAD (yes vs. no)

1.43 (1.20-1.72)

1.46 (1.02-2.08)

1.51 (1.24-1.85)

1.92 (1.30-2.85)

Neuropathy (yes vs. no)

0.99 (0.86-1.15)

0.80 (0.61-1.04)

1.45 (1.24-1.69)

1.60 (1.21-2.12)

NPDR (yes vs. no)

0.89 (0.70-1.14)

0.64 (0.41-0.99)

0.99 (0.75-1.31)

0.83 (0.52-1.31)