Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects who did and did not develope diabetes after 3.5 years of follow-up.
Without diabetes (Controls) N = 68 | With diabetes (Cases) N = 65 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 47 ± 13 | 47 ± 12 | - |
Male sex (%) | 43 | 43 | - |
Current and ex smokers (%) | 16 | 28 | 0.1 |
Family history of diabetes (%) | 11 | 42 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.8 ± 4.6 | 30.0 ± 4.3 | <0.001 |
Waist (cm) | 89 ± 12 | 97 ± 10 | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) | 118± 14 | 127± 19 | 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) | 78± 10 | 82± 11 | 0.01 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 4.8± 0.4 | 5.4± 0.6 | <0.001 |
2-hour plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.5± 1.2 | 7.1± 1.9 | <0.001 |
Triglycerides* (mmol/l) | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 2.0 (1.4–2.8) | 0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.1± 0.3 | 0.9± 0.2 | 0.01 |
Fasting serum insulin* (IU/ml) | 12.4 (7.6–17.4) | 14.7 (11.1–20.6) | 0.01 |
Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)¶ | 2.8± 1.4 | 3.8± 1.7 | <0.001 |
hs-CRP* (mg/l) | 0.7 (0.3–2.0) | 1.3 (0.7–2.7) | 0.001 |
γ-glutamyl transferase* (IU/L) | 16.9 (13.5–22.9) | 21.3 (16.4–33.5) | 0.005 |
Alanin aminotranferase* (IU/L) | 15.5 (11.0–20.5) | 19.0 (15.0–26.2) | 0.01 |
Aspartate aminotransferase* (IU/L) | 19.5 (17.0–24.5) | 21.0 (18.0–27.0) | 0.2 |