BMC Endocrine Disorders

Table 2 Standardized effects of social determinants of health, self-care, access to care and processes of care on glycemic control, controlling for age, gender, race and health literacy

From: Relationship between social determinants of health and processes and outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes: validation of a conceptual framework

	Direct effect	Indirect effect	Total effect
Glycemic control
➔ Social Determinants
Education	−0.01	0.001	−0.01
Employment	0.12**	0.01	0.13**
Income	−0.06	−0.008	−0.07
Fatalism	−0.08	−0.01	−0.09*
Self-efficacy	−0.29***	−0.01	−0.30***
Depression	−0.04	−0.005	−0.04
Diabetes distress	0.11*	0.01	0.12*
SPD	0.03	0.003	0.04
Social support	0.05	0.02*	0.07
Perceived stress	−0.05	0.02	−0.03
➔ Self-care
Medication adherence	−0.08^a	-	−0.08^a
Knowledge	0.03	−0.002	0.03
General diet	0.05	−0.004	0.05
Special diet	0.03	−0.01	0.02
Exercise	−0.06	−0.003	−0.06
Blood sugar testing	0.01	−0.005	0.002
Foot care	0.01	−0.01	0.001
➔ Access to care
Patient centered care	0.05	−0.003	0.04
Usual source of care	−0.04	−0.003	−0.04
Visits to primary care	−0.08*	−0.004	−0.08*
Satisfaction with care	−0.03	0.02	−0.01
➔ Processes of care
Diabetes education	0.10**	0.006	0.11**
A1c in 12 mo.	−0.003	0.002	−0.002
Cholesterol in 12 mo.	0.04	0.01	0.05
Foot check in 12 mo.	0.05	−0.0001	0.05
Treatment with diet	−0.01	0.01*	0.0002
Treatment with oral	0.02	0.01*	0.03
Treatment with insulin	0.26***	0.03*	0.28***

Note: the significance levels shown here are for the unstandardized solution.
^ap = 0.06; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; and ***p < 0.001.

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ISSN: 1472-6823

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