Antihyperglycaemic treatment patterns, observed glycaemic control and determinants of treatment change among patients with type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom primary care: a retrospective cohort study

Maguire, Andrew; Mitchell, Beth D; Ruzafa, Javier Cid

doi:10.1186/1472-6823-14-73

Table 6 **Factors associated with treatment change* occurring between 6–18 months following OAD initiation**

From: Antihyperglycaemic treatment patterns, observed glycaemic control and determinants of treatment change among patients with type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom primary care: a retrospective cohort study

Treatment change	Covariates	Odds ratio change/No change	95% CI		Statistical significance
Treatment change	Covariates	Odds ratio change/No change	Lower	Upper	Statistical significance
Augmentation	10 mmol/mol inc. in HbA1c	2.798	2.691	2.910	p < 0.05
	10-year increase in age	0.862	0.827	0.900	p < 0.05
	1-year increase in time since Dx	0.946	0.926	0.967	p < 0.05
	Male vs. female	1.021	0.923	1.129	NS
	Baseline OAD (vs. metformin)
	Gliclazide	1.632	1.339	1.988	p < 0.05
	Glimepiride	2.554	1.458	4.474	p < 0.05
	Glipizide	1.251	0.496	3.160	NS
	Pioglitazone	1.293	0.414	4.037	NS
	Other monotherapy	2.111	1.017	4.384	p < 0.05
	Metformin w/ gliclazide	0.470	0.215	1.027	NS
	Metformin w/ glimepiride	NC
	Metformin w/ other OAD	1.540	0.192	12.371	NS
	Other combination	0.310	0.040	2.375	NS
	Comorbidity
	CHF	1.585	0.999	2.515	NS
Switch (any)	10 mmol/mol inc. in HbA1c	2.373	2.249	2.503	p < 0.05
	10-year increase in age	1.005	0.939	1.075	NS
	1-year increase in time since Dx	0.982	0.952	1.012	NS
	Male vs. female	0.809	0.690	0.948	p < 0.05
	Baseline OAD (vs. metformin)
	Gliclazide	1.575	1.165	2.130	p < 0.05
	Glimepiride	1.842	0.721	4.705	NS
	Glipizide	2.490	0.879	7.052	NS
	Pioglitazone	7.734	3.131	19.101	p < 0.05
	Other monotherapy	5.882	2.855	12.119	p < 0.05
	Metformin w/ gliclazide	1.860	0.875	3.956	NS
	Metformin w/ glimepiride
	Metformin w/ other OAD	16.929	5.208	55.023	p < 0.05
	Other combination	11.679	5.337	25.560	p < 0.05
	Comorbidity
	CHF	1.222	0.562	2.659	NS
Discontinuation	10 mmol/mol inc. in HbA1c	1.139	1.092	1.187	p < 0.05
	10-year increase in age	0.886	0.854	0.919	p < 0.05
	1-year increase in time since Dx	1.006	0.991	1.022	NS
	Male vs. female	0.978	0.897	1.065	NS
	Baseline OAD (vs. metformin)
	Gliclazide	1.762	1.500	2.071	p < 0.05
	Glimepiride	0.883	0.439	1.774	NS
	Glipizide	1.112	0.430	2.875	NS
	Pioglitazone	1.738	0.754	4.007	NS
	Other monotherapy	1.430	0.721	2.836	NS
	Metformin w/ gliclazide	1.795	1.207	2.668	p < 0.05
	Metformin w/ glimepiride	3.959	0.926	16.921	NS
	Metformin w/ other OAD	2.491	0.791	7.844	NS
	Other combination	0.576	0.176	1.884	NS
	Comorbidity
	CHF	1.709	1.196	2.443	p < 0.05

*Treatment change refers to first change: period of reference is 6 to 18 months following initiation of OAD.
All variables were statistically significant in multinomial logistic regression. Other covariates not significant and hence not included are: CHD, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and BMI.
CI = confidence interval.

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ISSN: 1472-6823

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