A pilot study: the development of a culturally tailored Malaysian Diabetes Education Module (MY-DEMO) based on the Health Belief Model

Table 1 Measurement of Health Belief Model constructs and ranking system for the 6 items used in pre- and post-test questionnaire

Questions 3 options (1 correct answer)	Item code	Difficulty index	Construct
What types of food will be converted to glucose once it has been digested?	Q1	Easy	Cues to action
*● Carbohydrate*
● Vitamin
● Fat
After eating a meal, what hormone is responsible to reduce blood sugar level?	Q3	Moderate	Cues to action
*● Insulin*
● Glucagon
● Adrenaline
In diabetes, “sweet blood” or hyperglycaemia can affect all the blood vessels in the body. Which is a common diabetes complication?	Q4	Moderate	Perceived severity
*● Kidney dialysis*
● Liver transplant
● Knee transplant
What factor leads to “sweet blood” in diabetes patients?	Difficult		Cues to action
● Fat cells able to absorb sugar
● Muscle tissues able to absorb sugar
*● Pancreas gland produce less insulin*
Foot-care is important in diabetes. What should you do to look after your feet?	Q2	Easy	Perceived benefit
● Do not wear any shoes when walking outdoors
*● Keep the spaces between your toes dry*
● Treat any foot ulcer or wound by yourself
Benefits of exercise	Q5	Moderate	Perceived benefit
*● Increase insulin sensitivity*
● Increase blood sugar
● Increase blood pressure

ISSN: 1472-6823