Screening South Asians for type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: (1) comparing oral glucose tolerance and haemoglobin A1c test results and (2) comparing the two sets of metabolic profiles of individuals diagnosed with these two tests

Table 1 Background characteristics and prevalences of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes

	Total study populationN = 944
Age in years	43.9 (35.6–51.0)
Number of men (%)	372 (39.4)
Number born in the Netherlands (%)	136 (14.5)
Education: number (%)
Elementary^a	125 (13.2)
Intermediate^b	658 (69.7)
University or equivalent^c	141 (14.9)
Family with diabetes (%)^d	690 (73.1)
BMI in kg/m²	25.7 (23.1–28.4)
Overweight: 23 ≥ BMI < 27.5 kg/m² (%)	410 (43.4)
Obesity: ≥ 27.5 kg/m² (%)	304 (32.2)
Waist circumference in cm	87.7 (80.7–95.3)
Number with hypertension (%)^e	295 (31.3)
Systolic blood pressure in mmHg	125 (114–138)
Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg	80 (73–88)
Plasma glucose in mmol/l
Fasting	4.9 (4.6–5.4)
2 h	5.3 (4.4–6.6)
HbA1c
in mmol/mol	38 (34–40)
in %	5.6 (5.3–5.8)
Insulin in pmol/l	73.6 (50.0–104.9)
HOMA–S in %^f	72.1 (51.6–105.3)
HOMA–B in %^f	118.7 (92.7–152.3)
OGTT-defined type 2 diabetes (%)^g	35 (3.7)
OGTT-defined prediabetes (%)^h	191 (20.2)
HbA1c-defined type 2 diabetes (%)ⁱ	31 (3.3)
HbA1c-defined prediabetes (%)^j	366 (38.8)

Data are presented as medians (interquartile range) or n (percentages).
^aPrimary education or less.
^bLow vocational training, lower secondary education, intermediate vocational training and higher secondary education.
^cHigher vocational training or university.
^dFirst and second grade.
^e Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or of distolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or if hypertension medication;
^fHOMA-S and HOMA-b were determined from fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels (pmol/l) with the HOMA Calculator (University of Oxford)[16].
^gOGTT diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l) and/or 2-h plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l).
^hOGTT diagnosis of prediabetes: fasting glucose value of 100–125 mg/dl (5.6 – 6.9 mmol/l) and/or a 2-h postload glucose value of 140–199 mg/dl (7.8–11.1 mmol/l).
ⁱHbA1c diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/mol).
^jHbA1c diagnosis of prediabetes: 5.7% ≤ HbA1c < 6.5% (39 ≤ HbA1c < 48 mmol/mol).
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin A1c; HOMA, homeostasis model assessments; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.

ISSN: 1472-6823