Table 1 Demographic, clinical, endocrine, HIV, metabolic, glycemic and insulin sensitivity parameters, by ethnicity and CD4 strata
Variables | Total (n = 199) | CD4 Count* | CD4 Count* | F-Value | P | Ethnicity | Ethnicity | Ethnicity | F-Value/χ2value | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low (<300/cc; n = 53) | Moderate-High (> = 300; n = 146) | Non Hispanic White (n = 74) | African- American (n = 33) | Hispanic (n = 92) | ||||||
Demographic, Clinical, HIV | ||||||||||
Age | 43.6 ± 8.3 | 43.7 ± 7.6 | 43.5 ± 8.5 | .026 | .871 | 46.9 ± 8.1 | 45.9 ± 7.1 | 39.9 ± 7.4 | 19.449 | <.001 |
HIV duration (y) | 9.5 ± 5.9 | 9.9 ± 6.2 | 9.4 ± 5.9 | .215 | .643 | 12.7 ± 5.9 | 7.8 ± 5.1 | 7.4 ± 5.1 | 21.803 | <.001 |
HAART duration (y) | 5.6 ± 4.4 | 5.3 ± 5.1 | 5.7 ± 4.1 | .417 | .519 | 7.1 ± 5.2 | 5.1 ± 4.1 | 4.6 ± 3.5 | 6.955 | .001 |
PI Drug Use | 67.8% | 61.0% | 86.5% | 11.46 | .001 | 73.0% | 66.7% | 64.1% | 1.49 | .474 |
Family History of Diabetes | 42.7% | 43.1% | 42.5% | .007 | .933 | 28.4% | 36.4% | 57.1% | 14.48 | .001 |
Smoking | 61.8% | 65.4% | 61.0% | .319 | .572 | 75.7% | 69.7% | 47.8% | 14.51 | .001 |
Drug Use | 28.1% | 28.8% | 28.1% | .011 | .916 | 35.1% | 36.4% | 19.6% | 6.24 | .044 |
SBP (mm Hg) | 128.3 ± 14.4 | 130.5 ± 15.7 | 127.5 ± 13.9 | 1.741 | .188 | 131.5 ± 15.3 | 130.8 ± 14.9 | 125.5 ± 13.4 | 4.050 | .019 |
DBP (mm Hg) | 82.4 ± 10.3 | 83.4 ± 11.4 | 82 ± 9.9 | .730 | .394 | 84.3 ± 11.2 | 82.1 ± 10.9 | 81.2 ± 9.3 | 1.914 | .150 |
Log Viral load | 2.41 ± .40 | 2.41 ± .48 | 2.41 ± .38 | .002 | .961 | 2.36 ± .40 | 2.48 ± .08 | 2.41 ± .39 | .920 | .400 |
Total Chol. (mg/dL) | 211.4 ± 48.5 | 207.6 ± 43.5 | 212.8 ± 50.2 | .441 | .507 | 218.1 ± 58.1 | 201.9 ± 42.0 | 208.3 ± 41.9 | 1.520 | .221 |
TG (mg/dL) | 302 ± 163 | 321 ± 145 | 295 ± 169 | 1.030 | .311 | 323 ± 163 | 247 ± 118 | 302 ± 172 | 2.567 | .079 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 39.7 ± 8.9 | 38.1 ± 8.3 | 40.3 ± 9.2 | 2.461 | .118 | 39.6 ± 9.5 | 39.2 ± 10.1 | 39.9 ± 8.4 | .084 | .920 |
Calc. LDL-C(mg/dL) | 111.9 ± 40.4 | 105.3 ± 37.7 | 114.3 ± 41.2 | 1.927 | .167 | 113.9 ± 43.7 | 113.3 ± 33.4 | 108.7 ± 41.2 | .369 | .692 |
Metabolic | ||||||||||
FFA (mmol/L ) | .32 ± .22 | .29 ± .17 | .33 ± .24 | 1.21 | .273 | .34 ± .25 | .30 ± .18 | .32 ± .21 | .33 | .72 |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 6.8 ± 5.9 | 5.5 ± 4.8 | 7.2 ± 6.3 | 3.193 | .076 | 6.3 ± 5.3 | 8.1 ± 7.1 | 6.6 ± 5.9 | 1.02 | .364 |
Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 6.67 ± 5.39 | 7.40 ± 5.81 | 6.31 ± 5.16 | 1.00 | .319 | 8.00 ± 6.46 | 4.90 ± 5.31 | 6.25 ± 4.0 | 2.78 | .066 |
hsCRP (mg/L) | 3.73 ± 5.48 | 3.51 ± 5.86 | 3.80 ± 5.33 | .105 | .747 | 3.48 ± 4.67 | 4.40 ± 5.45 | 3.67 ± 6.04 | 0.32 | .73 |
Percent body fat (%) | 22.1 ± 8.2 | 20.5 ± 6.3 | 22.7 ± 8.8 | 2.589 | .109 | 19.5 ± 6.8 | 24.8 ± 8.1 | 23.3 ± 8.8 | 5.97 | .003 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.8 ± 3.5 | 26.3 ± 3.2 | 27 ± 3.6 | 1.735 | .189 | 25.9 ± 3.6 | 27.7 ± 3.2 | 27.3 ± 3.5 | 4.43 | .013 |
Waist circ. (cm) | 91.5 ± 11.7 | 90.2 ± 14 | 91.9 ± 10.7 | .799 | .372 | 93.4 ± 11.3 | 93.4 ± 12.5 | 89.5 ± 11.8 | 2.47 | .087 |
Waist-hip ratio | .9 ± .1 | .9 ± .1 | .9 ± .09 | .141 | .708 | .96 ± .07 | .98 ± .18 | .93 ± .09 | 3.62 | .029 |
VCO2 (mL/min) | 221 ± 42.4 | 231.3 ± 44.3 | 216.8 ± 41 | 3.690 | .057 | 235.3 ± 42.6 | 223.7 ± 47.6 | 204.9 ± 34.5 | 8.64 | <.001 |
VO2 (mL/min) | 265.3 ± 48.3 | 279.7 ± 48.4 | 259.8 ± 47.4 | 6.489 | .012 | 283.5 ± 50.7 | 264.3 ± 48 | 249.2 ± 41 | 10.44 | <.001 |
RQ | .83 ± .06 | .83 ± .07 | .84 ± .06 | .066 | .797 | .84 ± .08 | .84 ± .04 | .84 ± .05 | .008 | .992 |
REE (kCal/24 h) | 1819.1 ± 357 | 1897 ± 320 | 1789.8 ± 367 | 1.128 | .290 | 1965.3 ± 357 | 1838.8 ± 344 | 1691.2 ± 320 | 13.05 | <.001 |
REE/Lean Mass | 121.0 ± 62.7 | 129.1 ± 58.2 | 117.8 ± 64.3 | 1.157 | .284 | 142.5 ± 72.9 | 94.5 ± 38.2 | 113.1 ± 56.1 | 7.516 | .001 |
Glycemia, Insulin Sensitivity | ||||||||||
Insulinogenic Index | .59 ± .4 | .62 ± .4 | .64 ± .4 | .093 | .761 | .59 ± .5 | .56 ± .3 | .60 ± .4 | 1.064 | .347 |
HOMA-IR | 3.3 ± 3.9 | 3.5 ± 4.1 | 3.3 ± 3.9 | .061 | .805 | 3.3 ± 3.7 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | 3.5 ± 4.7 | .329 | .720 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 94.7 ± 14.2 | 95 ± 14.03 | 94.6 ± 14.4 | .037 | .848 | 93.1 ± 8.6 | 97.8 ± 22.8 | 94.8 ± 14 | 1.266 | .284 |
OGTT Glucose 120 min (mg/dl) | 127.9 ± 41.7 | 124.7 ± 47.7 | 129.1 ± 39.4 | .436 | .510 | 121.6 ± 37.6 | 143.4 ± 51.4 | 127.1 ± 40.3 | 3.126 | .046 |
Fasting Insulin (μU/ml) | 15.4 ± 25.6 | 14.7 ± 18.6 | 15.6 ± 27.8 | .048 | .827 | 14.5 ± 17.2 | 20.1 ± 49.7 | 14.5 ± 17.8 | .653 | .522 |
OGTT Insulin 120 min (μU/ml) | 83.7 ± 76 | 75.1 ± 74.3 | 86.8 ± 76.7 | .903 | .343 | 63.3 ± 56.9 | 81.4 ± 58 | 101.9 ± 90.9 | 5.424 | .005 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.3 ± .6 | 5.3 ± .6 | 5.3 ± .56 | .174 | .677 | 5.3 ± .45 | 5.69 ± .74 | 5.22 ± .57 | 8.207 | <.001 |