Variation of C peptide decay rate in diabetic patients with positive glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody: better discrimination with initial fasting C peptide

Table 1 Clinical features in patients with distinct variation of beta cell function

	Group 1: Patients with beta cell function failure at the onset of the disease (n=178)	Group 2: Patients who developed beta cell function failure during the follow-up (n=104)	Group 3: Patients who did not develop beta cell function failure during the follow-up (n=245)
Sex (Male%)	54.5%	54.8%	54.7%
Age of onset (yr)	25.4±15.4	29.3±15.8	46.4±14.9*
Ketosis (%)	81.5%	68.3%	17.1%*
HbA1c	11.0±3.4	10.7±3.5	9.3±3.3
FCP (pmol/L)	25.2(0–99.0)	202.3(102.3–1544.0)#	526.6(114.3–3172.0)*
PCP (pmol/L)	56.9(0–3851.7)	452.3(80.4–5976.4)#	1304.0(161.0–2728.1)*
GAD-Ab	0.52(0.05–2.0)	0.48(0.05–2.34)	0.14(0.05–2.28)*
Percentage of T1DM	81.5%	68.3%#	17.1%*
Percentage of LADA	18.5%	31.7%#	82.9%*
HLA-DQ susceptible haplotypes	105/178 (59.0%)	44/104 (42.3%)	86/245 (35.1%)*
HLA-DQ protective haplotypes	8/178 (4.5%)	6/104 (5.8%)	21/245 (8.6%)*

Note: Compared with patients who had beta cell function failure (group 1 + group 2), patients in group 3 who did not develop beta cell function failure had later age of onset, less frequency of kenosis-prone diabetes, lower titer of GAD-Ab, and higher FCP levels. When compared with group 1 and group 2, * P<0.05. The clinical features of group 1 and group 2 were similar in onset age, ketosis tendency, HbA1c level, however, the serum FCP levels were significantly different in two groups. When compared with group 1, #P<0.05.k.

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