Table 1 Selected characteristics of the study subjects by sex

Age (year), mean (SD)

62.3 (6.8)

61.9 (6.7)

Body mass index (kg/m²), mean (SD)

23.5 (2.7)

22.5 (3.1)

Smoking (cigarettes/day), %

 Never

26.1

88.7

 Former

42.4

5.2

 < 20

9.2

3.7

 ≥ 20

23.3

2.4

Alcohol use (mL/day), %

 Never

21.1

70.4

 Former

5.9

2.4

 < 30

29.6

23.5

 30–59

26.2

3.0

 ≥ 60

17.1

0.8

Daily use of coffee, %

57.5

58.0

Serum GGT (IU/L), median (IQR)

35 (24–58)

20 (16–29)

Serum total bilirubin (mg/dL), median (IQR)

0.5 (0.4–0.7)

0.5 (0.4–0.6)

HbA1c (%), median (IQR)

5.0 (4.8–5.3)

5.1 (4.8–5.3)