Association of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes in adults from Inner Mongolia, China

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of 2,536 participants according to category of metabolic or glycemic abnormality

	No Prediabetes, Diabetes, or MetS	Prediabetes or Diabetes only	MetS without Prediabetes or Diabetes	MetS plus Prediabetes or Diabetes
No.	1621	218	354	343
Age, y	45.3 (12.4)	45.4 (12.8)	48.6 (10.7)*	50.4 (12.2)*
Female, %	57.2	50.1	67.0*	66.2*
Current smoker, %	46.8	42.2	39.3*	39.1*
Alcohol consumption, %	33.4	33.0	33.6	32.4
Body mass index, kg/m²	21.4 (2.9)	21.0 (3.2)	25.0 (3.3)*	24.3 (3.8)*
Family history of HTN, %	9.9	18.8*	14.4*	22.5*
Components of the Metabolic Syndrome
HDL-C, mg/dL	47.6 (12.3)	48.5 (16.2)	38.3 (8.0)*	39.8 (12.2)*
Triglycerides, mg/dL	86.8 (61.2)	79.6 (40.0)	189.2 (180.7)*	172.7 (177.1)*
Waist circumference, cm	78.1 (7.9)	76.6 (6.8)*	89.2 (8.9)*	87.6 (10.2)*
Systolic BP, mmHg	124.7 (23.2)	126.1 (22.3)	141.5 (23.4)*	142.9 (25.1)*
Diastolic BP, mmHg	81.8 (12.2)	82.1 (11.8)	92.4 (11.3)*	90.5 (12.6)*
Glucose, mg/dL	81.5 (10.8)	112.5 (14.5)*	84.4 (10.2)*	119.7 (34.2)*
Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction
hsCRP, mg/L	5.13 (3.61, 8.25)	7.32 (3.64, 13.84)*	7.89 (5.19, 16.08)*	12.59(5.89, 20.4)*
sICAM-1, ng/mL	315.3 (93.4)	360.3 (85.2)	325.7 (94.7)*	377.6 (89.5)*
sE-selectin, ng/mL	17.9 (14.4, 23.6)	18.3(15.6, 22.3)	20.9 (16.1, 27.6)*	19.9 (16.6, 25.0)*
Angiotensin II, pg/mL	49.4 (39.5, 71.1)	46.7(40.0, 60.0)	50.5 (41.0, 73.8)	49.0(40.0, 86.0)

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; sE-selectin, soluble E-selectin. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the revised ATP-III criteria defined as the presence of 3 or more of the following risk factors: waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women, triglyceride concentration ≥150 mg/dL, blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg, fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL, or HDL cholesterol level < 40 mg/dL in men or < 50 mg/dL in women. For normally distributed variables, values are presented as means (SD) or frequencies (%) and as median (interquartile range) for variables that did not follow a normal distribution (hsCRP, sE-selectin, and angiotensin II). P-values were computed for each category versus the reference category using ANOVA or chi-square for normally distributed variables or Wilcoxon nonparametric rank test for variables that did not follow a normal distribution, values < 0.05 are denoted with an asterisk (*).

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