Early limited nitrosamine exposures exacerbate high fat diet-mediated type 2 diabetes and neurodegeneration

BMC Endocrine Disorders

Table 2 High Fat Diet Feeding and NDEA Treatment Cause Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Assay	LFD+VEH	LFD+NDEA	HFD+VEH	HFD+NDEA	F-Ratio	P-Value
Body Wt (g)	265.100	266.600	315.300	308.400	3.42	0.04
	± 14.050	± 19.970	± 5.794	± 15.110
Glucose (mg/dL)	111.5	128.8*	137.6***	150.8*** ξ	18.2	< 0.0001
	± 1.66	± 4.31	± 2.39	± 4.69
Insulin (ng/ml)	0.0611	0.163*	0.324**	0.581*** ξ	22.69	< 0.0001
	± 0.017	± 0.038	± 0.074	± 0.060
Leptin	4.649	4.775	11.49***^ξ	15.73***^ξ	37.22	< 0.0001
	± 0.789	± 0.386	± 0.678	± 1.473
Adiponectin	20864	25195	16819 ξ	26635	3.36	0.048
	± 1454	± 3019	± 1254	± 1962
Triglyceride (mg/ml)	0.399	0.424	0.173*** ξ	0.231*** ξ	38.2	< 0.0001
	± 0.028	± 0.005	± 0.011	± 0.032
Free Fatty Acids (mM/mg prot)	0.150	0.114*	0.081*** ξ	0.063*** ξ	21.9	< 0.0001
	± 0.003	± 0.018	± 0.002	± 0.010
Cholesterol (mg/ml)	0.943	0.986	0.552***^ξ	0.748***^ξ	6.53	0.004
	± 0.024	± 0.112	± 0.051	± 0.093

Serum samples obtained at sacrifice and after an over-night fast were studied. Inter-group comparisons were made using ANOVA with Bonferroni's Multiple Comparison Tests. For all measurements, df = 3/36. Asterisks reflect significant differences relative to the LFD+ Vehicle-treated (VEH) control group (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 relative to LFD+VEH). ξ = significant differences as follows: Glucose: P < 0.05 vs LFD+NDEA; Insulin: P < 0.001 vs LFD+NDEA; Adiponectin: P < 0.05 vs HFD+NDEA; Triglyceride: P < 0.001 vs LFD+NDEA; FFA: P < 0.001 vs LFD+NDEA; Cholesterol: P < 0.001 vs LFD+NDEA.

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