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Table 1 Predictors of 5-year all-cause mortality of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

From: Predictors of mortality of patients newly diagnosed with clinical type 2 diabetes: a 5-year follow up study

  

Univariate analyses

Multivariate analyses

  
  

Survivors

n = 1,025

Deceased

n = 298

 

Model I

n = 1,108h

Model IIg

n = 1,108h

Model III

n = 1,108h

Missing values

SRH interactions, p -value i

Information criteria, AIC/BIC

    

2029.7/2087.7

2004.7/2076.4

2009.6/2071.0

  

Sex

Women

495 (48)

124 (42)

1

1

1

1

  
 

Men

530 (52)

174 (58)

1.63 (1.29-2.06)***

1.65 (1.19-2.28)**

1.63 (1.17-2.26)**

1.58 (1.14-2.20)**

0

0.96

Age at diabetes diagnosis (years)

 

63.0 (53.9-71.4)

72.6 (64.7-79.5)

0.92 (0.86-0.98)*

0.82 (0.75-0.89)***

0.80 (0.73-0.87)***

0.80 (0.73-0.87)***

0

0.38

Living alone

No

710 (71)

161 (56)

1

1

1

1

  
 

Yes

293 (29)

126 (44)

1.07 (0.83-1.38)

1.21 (0.90-1.65)

1.26 (0.93-1.71)

1.26 (0.93-1.71)

33

0.68

Education

Higher

227 (23)

45 (16)

1

1

1

1

  
 

Basic

749 (77)

230 (84)

1.01 (0.72-1.39)

1.11 (0.76-1.63)

1.15 (0.78-1.67)

1.17 (0.80-1.72)

72

0.54

Diagnostic plasma glucose (mmol/l)a

 

13.7 (10.7-17.0)

13.8 (10.6-17.5)

1.12 (0.80-1.57)

0.99 (0.66-1.46)

1.08 (0.73-1.61)

1.11 (0.75-1.65)

0

0.018

Fasting triglycerides (mmol/l)

 

1.99 (1.39-2.93)

1.89 (1.40-2.67)

1.02 (0.98-1.05)

0.97 (0.90-1.04)

0.98 (0.91-1.05)

0.98 (0.92-1.06)

25

0.98

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

 

6.3 (5.5-7.2)

6.0 (5.1-6.9)

0.93 (0.85-1.01)

0.97 (0.86-1.09)

0.94 (0.83-1.05)

0.93 (0.83-1.05)

20

0.28

Urinary albumin (mg/l)a

 

11.0 (5.6-25.0)

15.9 (7.2-42.3)

1.16 (1.07-1.26)***

1.10 (0.99-1.21)

1.10 (1.00-1.21)

1.09 (0.99-1.21)

39

0.18

Body mass index (kg/m2)

 

29.4 (26.4-33.2)

28.0 (25.6-31.4)

0.98 (0.95-1.00)

0.97 (0.94-1.00)*

0.97 (0.94-1.00)*

0.97 (0.94-1.00)*

4

0.11

Resting heart rate (beats/min)b

 

76 (68-81)

76 (72-86)

1.18 (1.08-1.29)***

1.06 (0.95-1.19)

1.07 (0.95-1.19)

1.08 (0.96-1.20)

5

0.58

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)b

 

150 (130-160)

150 (130-170)

0.95 (0.90-1.01)

1.02 (0.96-1.10)

1.05 (0.98-1.12)

1.06 (0.99-1.13)

7

0.69

Physical activity

Active

768 (77)

167 (59)

1

1

1

1

  
 

Sedentary

231 (23)

118 (41)

1.57 (1.23-2.01)***

1.67 (1.23-2.25)***

1.62 (1.21-2.19)**

1.59 (1.19-2.13)**

39

0.73

Smoking

Never

320 (33)

86 (30)

1

1

1

1

  
 

Former

319 (33)

103 (36)

1.50 (1.12-2.02)**

1.38 (0.96-1.99)

1.33 (0.91-1.92)

1.35 (0.93-1.96)

  
 

Current

338 (35)

94 (33)

1.71 (1.25-2.33)***

1.29 (0.87-1.90)

1.30 (0.88-1.94)

1.31 (0.88-1.95)

63

0.79

Self-rated healthc d e f

Excellent

142 (14)

15 (5)

1

1

1

   
 

Good

357 (36)

80 (28)

1.30 (0.84-2.04)

2.60 (1.36-4.96)**

2.46 (1.28-4.71)**

   
 

Fair

423 (42)

151 (53)

1.72 (1.13-2.62)*

3.02 (1.62-5.65)***

2.51 (1.33-4.71)**

   
 

(Very) poor

82 (8)

41 (14)

2.43 (1.48-3.98)***

2.97 (1.46-6.07)**

2.16 (1.04-4.46)*

 

32

-

Cardiovascular disease

No

761 (76)

137 (49)

1

 

1

1

  
 

Yes

237 (24)

141 (51)

2.11 (1.66-2.70)***

 

2.08 (1.56-2.77)***

2.20 (1.66-2.91)***

47

0.036

Diabetic retinopathy

No

946 (95)

252 (94)

1

 

1

1

  
 

Yes

45 (5)

16 (6)

1.08 (0.65-1.82)

 

1.15 (0.65-2.01)

1.10 (0.63-1.93)

64

0.28

Peripheral neuropathy

No

834 (82)

217 (75)

1

 

1

1

  
 

Yes

178 (18)

73 (25)

1.16 (0.89-1.53)

 

0.90 (0.65-1.26)

0.94 (0.67-1.30)

21

0.77

Cancer (former or present)

No

987 (96)

273 (92)

1

 

1

1

  
 

Yes

38 (4)

25 (8)

1.84 (1.21-2.78)**

 

2.30 (1.42-3.71)***

2.30 (1.43-3.70)***

0

0.71

  1. Values of characteristics at diabetes diagnosis are numbers (%) or medians (95%-confidence intervals). Hazard ratios (95%-confidence intervals) and p-values are from univariate Cox regression analyses and from 3 multivariate Cox regression analyses with and without self-rated health and/or complications at diabetes diagnosis g.
  2. a The characteristic is log-transformed in the analysis
  3. b Hazard ratio estimates risk increase per 10 units of the characteristic
  4. c Information criteria for the univariate Cox regression model (n = 1,108 h): AIC = 2162.2; BIC = 2172.5
  5. d Wald test for the overall effect of self-rated health: p-value = 0.007 (model I); p-value = 0.036 (model II)
  6. e Wald test for the equality of the three self-rated health effects: p-value = 0.22 (model I); p-value = 0.80 (model II)
  7. f Trend test including the SRH variable as a continuous variable in the multivariate regression analysis: p-value < 0.0001 (model I); p-value = 0.091 (model II)
  8. g Test for proportional hazards: a Wald test for the joint significance of the interaction between log(time) and each of the model variables: p-value = 0.62
  9. h All multivariate analyses are based on 1,108 entries without missing values in any of the three models; n for survivors/deceased = 884/224
  10. i Wald test for the interactions between each of the covariates and self-rated health when these were added to model II. The test for the interaction between age at diabetes diagnosis and sex had p = 0.44
  11. * p < 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001
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BMC Endocrine Disorders

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