From: Dietary polyphenols and the risk of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Test of association | Heterogeneity | Publication bias | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subgroup | Subgroups | Effect sizes (N) | OR | 95%CI | I2(%) | P | P value of the subgroup analysis | p |
Overall (all polyphenolic compounds) | 43 (14) | 0.78 | 0.72–0.85 | 79.9 | < 0.001 | 0.88 | ||
Study design | Prospective cohort | 24 (6) | 0.75 | 0.68–0.84 | 71.0 | < 0.001 | 0.41 | |
Cross-sectional | 19 (8) | 0.81 | 0.70–0.93 | 85.9 | < 0.001 | |||
Dietary assessment | FFQ | 31 (9) | 0.78 | 0.71–0.86 | 82.1 | < 0.001 | 0.87 | |
24-hour recalls | 12 (5) | 0.77 | 0.60–0.98 | 74.2 | < 0.001 | |||
Definition of MetS | IDF | 13 (4) | 0.79 | 0.73–0.86 | 32.0 | 0.12 | 0.02 | |
The joint interim guidelines | 12 (3) | 0.75 | 0.65–0.86 | 0.86 | < 0.001 | |||
ATP III | 14 (4) | 0.83 | 0.66–1.05 | 85.2 | < 0.001 | |||
AHA-NHLBI | 1 (1) | 0.83 | 0.42–1.63 | - | - | |||
Korean diabetic association | 1 (1) | 0.11 | 0.02–0.61 | - | - | |||
IDF and AHA-NHLBI | 2 (1) | 0.99 | 0.85–1.17 | 0.0 | 0.57 | |||
Polyphenol subclasses | Total polyphenols | 6 (5) | 0.86 | 0.75-1.00 | 45.8 | 0.10 | 0.008 | 0.84 |
Total flavonoids | 10 (9) | 0.64 | 0.51-81 | 90.1 | < 0.001 | 0.64 | ||
Flavan-3-ols | 3 (2) | 0.64 | 0.43–0.94 | 79.6 | 0.007 | 0.22 | ||
Isoflavones | 4 (3) | 0.84 | 0.75–0.93 | 0.0 | 0.47 | 0.08 | ||
Lignans | 4 (4) | 1.06 | 0.87–1.28 | 40.7 | 0.16 | 0.82 | ||
Stilbenes | 4 (4) | 0.86 | 0.76–0.97 | 0.0 | 0.88 | 0.08 | ||
Phenolic acids | 4 (4) | 0.85 | 0.68–1.06 | 37.2 | 0.18 | 0.23 | ||
Anthocyanins | 2 (2) | 0.91 | 0.81–1.01 | 0.0 | 0.86 | - | ||
Flavones | 2 (2) | 0.79 | 0.71–0.89 | 5.7 | 0.30 | - | ||
Flavonols | 2 (2) | 0.34 | 0.06–2.04 | 77.6 | 0.03 | - | ||
Quercetin | 2 (2) | 0.63 | 0.43–0.93 | 0.0 | 0.32 | - |