Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
GDM group (N = 538) | Other at − risk group (N = 378) | F/t/H | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± SD | 29.31 ± 3.93 | 28.43 ± 3.61 | -3.527 | 0.000 |
Residence, n (%) | 3.375 | 0.337 | ||
City | 344(64.18) | 229(60.58) | ||
Country | 131(24.44) | 94(24.87) | ||
Migrant population | 24(4.48) | 27(7.14) | ||
Rural population | 37(6.90) | 28(7.41) | ||
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | ||||
Pre-pregnancy | 22.48 ± 4.26 | 21.90 ± 3.11 | -2.274 | 0.023 |
Antepartum | 27.37 ± 3.87 | 27.51 ± 3.56 | 0.559 | 0.577 |
Parity and gravidity, n (%) | 9.633 | 0.008 | ||
1 | 379(70.45) | 236(62.43) | ||
2 | 138(25.65) | 132(34.92) | ||
≥ 3 | 21(3.90) | 10(2.65) | ||
Gestational age (weeks), mean ± SD | 38.55 ± 2.06 | 38.96 ± 1.60 | -3.283 | 0.001 |
Premature delivery, n (%) | 83.700 | 0.000 | ||
< 34 week | 17(3.16) | 21(5.56) | ||
35 ~ 36+ 6 week | 21(3.90) | 95(25.13) | ||
≥ 37 week | 500(92.94) | 262(69.31) | ||
Neonatal gender, n (%) | 5.968 | 0.015 | ||
Male | 272(50.56) | 222(58.73) | ||
Female | 266(49.44) | 156(41.27) | ||
Neonatal weight (g), n (%) | 454.858 | 0.000 | ||
< 2500 | 21(3.91) | 78(20.64) | ||
2501 ~ 3999 | 488(90.88) | 82(21.69) | ||
≥ 4000 | 28(5.21) | 218(57.67) | ||
Apgar score 1 min, n (%) | 4.756 | 0.032 | ||
≤ 7 | 10(1.86) | 1(0.26) | ||
≥ 8 | 538(98.14) | 377(99.74) | ||
Apgar score 5 min, n (%) | - | 1.000 | ||
≤ 7 | 1(0.19) | 0(0) | ||
≥ 8 | 537(99.81) | 378(100) | ||
Length of labor (min), mean ± SD | 389.22 ± 180.48 | 365.20 ± 166.71 | -2.047 | 0.041 |
Transferred to NICU, n (%) | 3.691 | 0.055 | ||
Yes | 30(5.58) | 11(2.91) | ||
No | 508(94.42) | 367(97.09) | ||
Complications, n (%) | 1.910 | 0.591 | ||
0 | 339(63.01) | 231(61.27) | ||
1 | 182(33.83) | 138(36.60) | ||
≥ 2 | 17(2.96) | 8(2.13) | ||
pH of cord blood, mean ± SD | 7.23 ± 0.90 | 7.23 ± 0.83 | -0.008 | 0.994 |