Table 2 Cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents and young patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and controls matched for age, sex, BMI and pubertal stage

Physical examination

 Excess weight, n (%)

11 (50%)

10 (45%)

1.00

 Abdominal Adiposity, n (%)

11 (50%)

9 (41%)

0.76

 Blood pressure, n (%)

Normal

18 (82%)

18 (82%)

0.55

Prehypertensive

2 (9%)

1 (5%)

Hypertensive

2 (9%)

3(14)

Biochemical tests

 Blood glucose (mmol/L) mean ± SD

3.9 ± 0.68

4.7 ± 0.64

 < 0.01

 Insulin (µmUI/ml) mean ± SD

15.7 ± 8.8

14.1 ± 3.9

0.45

 HOMA-IR mean ± SD

2.8 ± 1.7

2.9 ± 1.0

0.70

 Insulin resistance, n (%)

9 (41%)

11 (58%)

0.28

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) mean ± SD

4.0 ± 1.1

3.7 ± 0.7

0.35

 High total cholesterol, n (%)

2 (9%)

1 (5%)

0.55

 LDL (mmol/L) mean ± SD

2.4 ± 1.1

2.2 ± 0.5

0.33

Elevated

2 (9%)

0 (0%)

0.49

 HDL (mmol/L) mean ± SD

1.1 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.4

0.15

Low

10 (46%)

6 (27%)

0.35

 Atherogenic index

3.78 ± 1.0

3.0 ± 0.7

 < 0.01

 Triglycerides (mmol/L) mean ± SD

1.1 ± 0.49

0.76 ± 0.29

 < 0.01

Elevated

3 (14%)

1 (5%)

0.61