Father | Mother | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Care | Overprotection | Care | Overprotection | |||||
High | Low | Low | High | High | Low | Low | High | |
(n = 374) | (n = 336) | (n = 332) | (n = 378) | (n = 370) | (n = 340) | (n = 344) | (n = 366) | |
Sociodemographic factors | ||||||||
Age, mean (SE) | 60.1 (0.6) | 59.3 (0.6) | 60.2 (0.6) | 59.4 (0.6) | 59.9 (0.6) | 59.6 (0.6) | 59.7 (0.6) | 59.7 (0.6) |
Sex, male, % | 28.2 | 48.9** | 33.5 | 41.8* | 31 | 45.6** | 34.0 | 41.7* |
Paternal history of diabetes, % | 9.6 | 11.1 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 10.3 |
Maternal history of diabetes, % | 7.6 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 7.6 |
Marital status, without partner, % | 17.2 | 19.3 | 17.1 | 19.1 | 15.5 | 21.2 | 17.6 | 18.8 |
Educational level, under 10 years, % | 8.8 | 11.4 | 9.1 | 10.9 | 7.9 | 12.4* | 8.6 | 11.4 |
Subjective economic level, low, % | 14.8 | 26.3** | 14.4 | 25.3** | 13.9 | 27.1** | 15.9 | 24.3** |
Lifestyle and physical factors | ||||||||
Hypertension, % | 41.0 | 40.3 | 40.4 | 41.0 | 39.8 | 41.7 | 36.8 | 44.4 |
Serum total cholesterol, mmol/l, mean (SE) | 5.29 (0.05) | 5.25 (0.05) | 5.30 (0.05) | 5.25 (0.05) | 5.30 (0.05) | 5.24 (0.05) | 5.31 (0.05) | 5.24 (0.05) |
Serum HDL cholesterol, mmol/l, mean (SE) | 1.72 (0.02) | 1.69 (0.02) | 1.72 (0.02) | 1.70 (0.02) | 1.69 (0.02) | 1.73 (0.02) | 1.71 (0.02) | 1.70 (0.02) |
Serum triglycerides, mmol/l, geometric mean (95%CI) | 1.10 (1.05–1.16) | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) | 1.10 (1.05–1.17) | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) | 1.08 (1.02–1.14) | 1.11 (1.05–1.17) | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SE) | 22.8 (0.2) | 22.9 (0.2) | 23.0 (0.2) | 22.7 (0.2) | 22.9 (0.2) | 22.8 (0.2) | 22.8 (0.2) | 22.8 (0.2) |
Current smoker, % | 6.0 | 7.9 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 7.4 |
Current drinker, % | 54.8 | 55.1 | 56.2 | 53.8 | 57.6 | 52.0 | 55.7 | 54.2 |
Regular exercise, ≥ 3 times / week, % | 12.0 | 14.2 | 13.9 | 12.3 | 14.0 | 12.0 | 15.0 | 11.2 |
Serum cortisol, nmol/L, mean (SE) | 283 (5) | 279 (5) | 280 (5) | 282 (5) | 280 (5) | 282 (5) | 280 (5) | 282 (5) |