Table 1 Demographic, clinical and laboratory features of the patients

Sex (female)

57 (56.4)

28 (54.9)

29 (58)

0.842 ^c

Age (year)

56 (45–67)

56 (45–66)

56.5 (45–67)

0.370 ^u

BMI (kg/m²)

32 (24–41)

32 (25–41)

28.5 (24–34)

0.001^u

Smoking (present)

40 (39.6)

15 (29.4)

25 (50)

0.043^c

Hypertension (present)

57 (56.4)

29 (56.9)

28 (56)

0.999 ^c

Fever (present)

27 (26.7)

18 (35.3)

9 (18)

0.071^c

Dysuria (present)

60 (59.4)

51 (100)

9 (18)

< 0.001^c

Pollakiuria (present)

60 (59.4)

51 (100)

9 (18)

< 0.001^c

Urgency (present)

54 (53.5)

45 (88.2)

9 (18)

< 0.001^c

Nausea-Vomiting (present)

27 (26.7)

18 (35.3)

9 (18)

0.071^c

HbA1c (%)

6.8 (5.6–11)

7.8 (6.1–11)

5.8 (5.6–11)

< 0.001^u

FBG (mg/dL)

156 (112–234)

156 (112–234)

145 (112–234)

0.160 ^u

Leukocyte (/mm³)

12,540 (2300–23,800)

15,600 (10,800–23,800)

7700 (2300–21,000)

< 0.001^u

CRP (mg/dL)

45 (1-145)

89 (37–145)

5 (1-123)

< 0.001^u

Urinalysis

 Nitrite (positive)

15 (14.9)

14 (27.5)

1 (2)

< 0.001^c

 Pyuria (positive)

60 (59.4)

51 (100)

9 (18)

< 0.001^c

 Hematuria (positive)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Bacteriuria (positive)

58 (57.4)

49 (96.1)

9 (18)

< 0.001^c

 Glucosuria (positive)

62 (61.4)

43 (84.3)

19 (38)

< 0.001^c

 Proteinuria (positive)

57 (56.4)

30 (58.8)

27 (54)

0.690 ^c

Urine culture (positive)

36 (35.6)

28 (54.9)

8 (16)

< 0.001^c

Isolated bacteria

0.302 ^f

 Escherichia coli

30 (83.3)

22 (78.6)

8 (100)

 Escherichia coli + Klebsiella pneumoniae

6 (16.7)

6 (21.4)

0 (0)

Antibacterial treatment

0.101 ^ff

 Fluoroquinolone

33 (55)

25 (49)

8 (88.9)

 Carbapenem

15 (25)

14 (27.5)

1 (11.1)

 Fosfomycin + Nitrofurantoin

12 (20)

12 (23.5)

0 (0)

Antibacterial treatment (yes)

60 (59.4)

51 (100.0)

9 (18.0)

< 0.001^c

Hospitalization (yes)

19 (18.8)

18 (35.3)

1 (2)

< 0.001^c

Duration of hospitalization (day)

0 (0–7)

0 (0–7)

0 (0–3)

< 0.001^u