Table 1 Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of PCOS and controls

Anthropometric data

 Age (years)

28.4 (24.4, 32.5)

27.7 (23.0, 32.4)

0.220

0.599

 BMI (kg/m²)

23.7 (21.3, 26.5)

21.1 (19.6, 23.4)

< 0.001

-

 Waist circumstance (cm)

80.0 (74.0, 89.0)

71.0 (67.3, 76.8)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Hip circumstance (cm)

97.0 (92.0, 102.0)

94.0 (90.2, 97.8)

0.002

0.036

 Waist-hip ratio

0.83 (0.79, 0.88)

0.76 (0.74, 0.79)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 SBP (mmHg)

120.5 (108.6, 132.4)

108.6 (99.3, 117.8)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 BP (mmHg)

75.0 (70.0, 83.0)

66.0 (63.0, 71.0)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Hyperandrogenic signs

 mFG hair score

3 (1, 6)

1 (0, 2.75)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 IGA acne score

1 (0, 3)

0 (0, 1)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Ludwig alopecia score

0 (0, 1)

0 (0, 0)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Liver function

 AST (U/L)

18.0 (15.0, 23.0)

15.0 (13.2, 17.8)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 ALT (U/L)

17.5 (12.6, 25.4)

11.0 (9.0, 14.0)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 AST/ALT

1.02 (0.80, 1.31)

1.37 (1.17, 1.63)

< 0.001

0.001

 GGT (U/L)

18.0 (13.2, 24.0)

12.0 (11.0, 14.0)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 ALP (U/L)

60.4 (46.9, 74.2)

50.4 (37.7, 63.1)

< 0.001

0.007

 TBil (µmol/L)

10.4 (7.5, 13.2)

9.2 (7.3, 12.4)

0.487

0.039

Glucose metabolism

 0hGlu (mmol/L)

5.1 (4.7, 5.4)

4.8 (4.5, 5.1)

< 0.001

0.138

 2hGlu (mmol/L)

6.2 (5.2, 7.2)

5.4 (4.6, 6.1)

< 0.001

0.009

 0hINS (µIU/mL)

10.4 (7.1, 16.5)

6.3 (5.0, 8.1)

< 0.001

0.001

 2hINS (µIU/mL)

51.9 (34.5, 91.6)

39.0 (25.6, 58.1)

< 0.001

0.733

 HOMA-IR

2.24 (1.50, 3.84)

1.41 (1.03, 1.83)

< 0.001

0.002

 QUICKI

0.34 (0.30, 0.37)

0.36 (0.34, 0.39)

< 0.001

0.001

 Gutt index

73.0 (55.4, 87.1)

87.8 (74.7, 110.9)

< 0.001

0.004

Lipid metabolism

 TC (mmol/L)

4.74 (4.32, 5.22)

4.48 (3.91, 5.00)

0.004

0.044

 HDL (mmol/L)

1.28 (1.10, 1.52)

1.44 (1.28, 1.71)

< 0.001

0.069

 LDL (mmol/L)

2.95 (2.56, 3.44)

2.43 (2.13, 2.92)

< 0.001

0.005

 TG (mmol/L)

1.00 (0.74, 1.49)

0.75 (0.56, 1.10)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 LAP

22.90 (13.10, 39.84)

9.87 (5.69, 14.98)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 hsCRP (mg/L)

1.39 (0.42, 2.59)

0.65 (0.26, 1.13)

0.002

0.432

Sex hormone

 FSH (IU/L)

6.35 (5.36, 7.53)

7.23 (6.28, 8.19)

< 0.001

0.001

 LH (IU/L)

10.94 (6.57, 16.38)

4.62 (3.64, 5.88)

< 0.001

0.031

 PRL (ng/mL)

12.0 (8.2, 16.9)

17.5 (13.4, 24.6)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 T (ng/mL)

0.69 (0.49, 0.88)

0.48 (0.38, 0.58)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 SHBG (nmol/L)

34.4 (20.3, 46.8)

48.5 (34.1, 64.9)

< 0.001

0.154

 FAI

7.03 (3.69, 12.92)

3.22 (2.30, 4.87)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 AMH (ng/mL)

7.99 (5.68, 11.42)

4.90 (2.91, 6.90)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Thyroid function

 FT3 (pg/mL)

3.41 (3.24, 3.74)

3.19 (3.00, 3.43)

0.063

0.017

 FT4 (ng/dL)

1.24 (1.07, 1.42)

1.22 (1.09, 1.34)

0.291

0.565

 TSH (µIU/mL)

1.93 (1.31, 3.22)

2.36 (1.79, 3.26)

0.139

0.058

Serological scores of hepatic steatosis

 LFS

-1.52 (-2.26, -0.14)

-2.64 (-2.96, -2.10)

< 0.001

0.002

 HSI

33.8 (29.8, 39.0)

29.1 (27.3, 30.9)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 FLI

17.48 (4.54, 45.97)

3.60 (2.17, 8.61)

< 0.001

0.001