Table 1 Baseline characteristics of new and pre-existing type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with index DKA admissions. Data presented as Median (IQR), Mean (± SD), and N (%) as appropriate

Age (years)

(mean ± sd)

27.3 ± 0.5

26.5 ± 9.6

47.6 ± 13.1

42.6 ± 10.7

 < 0.001

Gender

 < 0.001

 Male

150 (45.2)

107 (72.3)

182 (68.4)

136 (77.3)

 Female

182 (54.8)

41 (27.7)

84 (31.6)

40 (22.7)

Ethnicities

 < 0.001

 Arabic

252 (76)

76 (51.4)

124 (46.6)

50 (28.4)

 Asian

46 (13.9)

42 (28.4)

119 (44.8)

93 (52.8)

 Africans

23 (6.9)

26 (17.6)

15 (5.6)

26 (14.8)

 Others

11 (3.3)

4 (2.7)

8 (3)

7 (4)

BMI kg/m^2a

 < 0.001

 Asians

  Normal (< 23)

35 (76.1)

24 (58.5)

45 (38.5)

33 (35.9)

  Overweight (23–24.9)

8 (17.4)

3 (7.3)

21 (17.9)

12 (13)

  Obese (≥ 25)

3 (6.5)

14 (34.1)

51 (43.6)

47 (51.1)

 Others

 < 0.001

  Normal (< 25)

189 (66.5)

70 (67.3)

59 (40.1)

20 (24.1)

  Overweight (25–26.9)

54 (19)

22 (21.1)

41 (27.9)

33 (39.7)

  Obese (≥ 27)

41 (14.4)

12 (11.5)

47 (31.9)

30 (36.1)

 Comorbidities

  Dyslipidaemia (128)

30 (9)

6 (4)

70 (26.3)

22 (12.5)

 < 0.001

  Hypertension (199)

40 (12)

5 (3.3)

103 (38.7)

51 (28.9)

 < 0.001

  Stroke (260)

3 (0.9)

0

16 (6)

7 (3.9)

 < 0.001

  Coronary artery disease (56)

13 (3.9)

2 (1.3)

32 (12)

9 (5.1)

 < 0.001

  Retinopathy (78)

33 (9.9)

0

39 (14.6)

6 (3.4)

 < 0.001

  Nephropathy (60)

19 (5.7)

0

35 (13.1)

6 (3.4)

 < 0.001

  Diabetic Foot (25)

5 (1.5)

0

18 (6.7)

2 (1.1)

 < 0.001

  Microvascular complications of DM (95)

36 (10.8)

0

49 (18.4)

10 (5.6)

 < 0.001

  Macrovascular complications of DM (56)

13 (3.9)

2 (1.3)

32 (12)

9 (5.1)

 < 0.001

  Metabolic risk (394)

85 (25.6)

34 (22.9)

166 (62.4)

109 (61.9)

 < 0.001

Consult to diabetes educator (348)

60 (18)

68 (45.9)

120 (45.1)

100 (56.8)

 < 0.001