A cross-sectional study from NHANES found a positive association between obesity with bone mineral density among postmenopausal women

Table 5 Association between waist circumference (cm) and bone mineral density (g/cm²) stratified age and race

Exposure	TF-BMD β (95% CI) P value	NK-BMD β (95% CI) P value	LS-BMD β (95% CI) P values
Stratified by age
< 60	0.00 (0.00, 0.01) < 0.0001	0.00 (0.00, 0.00) < 0.0001	0.00 (0.00, 0.00) 0.0057
≥ 60, < 70	0.00 (0.00, 0.01) < 0.0001	0.00 (0.00, 0.00) < 0.0001	0.00 (0.00, 0.01) < 0.0001
≥ 70	0.01 (0.01, 0.01) < 0.0001	0.01 (0.00, 0.01) < 0.0001	0.01 (0.01, 0.01) < 0.0001
Stratified by race
Mexican American	0.00 (0.00, 0.00) 0.0082	0.00 (0.00, 0.00) 0.0348	0.00 (0.00, 0.01) 0.0112
Other Hispanic	0.01 (0.00, 0.01) < 0.0001	0.01 (0.00, 0.01) < 0.0001	0.00 (-0.00, 0.01) 0.0745
Non-Hispanic White	0.00 (0.00, 0.01) < 0.0001	0.00 (0.00, 0.00) < 0.0001	0.00 (0.00, 0.00) < 0.0001
Non-Hispanic Black	0.00 (0.00, 0.01) 0.0003	0.00 (0.00, 0.01) 0.0011	0.00 (0.00, 0.01) 0.0033
Other race	0.00 (-0.00, 0.01) 0.0624	0.00 (-0.00, 0.01) 0.0991	0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.5163

Adjusted for age, race, education level, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), serum creatinine (SCr), 25OHD2 + 25OHD3, total calcium and phosphorus, total cholesterol and triglyceride,smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life, diabetes status, hypertension status and minutes sedentary activity
BMD bone mineral density, TF-BMD total femur BMD, NK-BMD femoral neck BMD, LS-BMD total spine BMD

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