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Table 3 Association between PUFAs and CVD-specific mortality and other cause-specific mortality

From: Associations of polyunsaturated fatty acids with cardiovascular disease and mortality: a study of NHANES database in 2003–2018

Variables

CVD-specific mortality

Other cause-specific mortality

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

HR (95% CI)

P

HR (95% CI)

P

HR (95% CI)

P

HR (95% CI)

P

HR (95% CI)

P

HR (95% CI)

P

ODA

  ≤ Q1

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Q1-Q2

0.80 (0.68–0.93)

0.005

0.94 (0.80–1.11)

0.452

1.08 (0.90–1.31)

0.393

0.82 (0.73–0.93)

0.001

0.92 (0.81–1.04)

0.185

0.98 (0.85–1.13)

0.786

 Q2-Q3

0.62 (0.52–0.74)

 < 0.001

0.89 (0.73–1.09)

0.255

1.09 (0.85–1.41)

0.482

0.62 (0.55–0.71)

 < 0.001

0.83 (0.72–0.95)

0.006

0.95 (0.79–1.13)

0.528

  > Q3

0.42 (0.33–0.54)

 < 0.001

0.73 (0.52–1.02)

0.065

0.90 (0.58–1.37)

0.609

0.51 (0.43–0.59)

 < 0.001

0.73 (0.60–0.87)

 < 0.001

0.94 (0.75–1.17)

0.549

ALA

  ≤ Q1

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Q1-Q2

0.85 (0.72–0.99)

0.054

0.86 (0.72–1.02)

0.085

0.82 (0.67–1.01)

0.056

0.87 (0.77–0.97)

0.014

0.90 (0.80–1.01)

0.083

0.91 (0.80–1.04)

0.166

 Q2-Q3

0.60 (0.48–0.74)

 < 0.001

0.76 (0.61–0.94)

0.012

0.74 (0.56–0.96)

0.026

0.69 (0.60–0.79)

 < 0.001

0.83 (0.72–0.96)

0.011

0.86 (0.72–1.02)

0.090

  > Q3

0.53 (0.42–0.67)

 < 0.001

0.71 (0.55–0.93)

0.012

0.77 (0.56–1.06)

0.104

0.54 (0.46–0.63)

 < 0.001

0.66 (0.56–0.78)

 < 0.001

0.70 (0.58–0.85)

 < 0.001

ODTA

 No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

0.76 (0.65–0.90)

0.002

0.98 (0.84–1.13)

0.760

1.10 (0.94–1.28)

0.222

0.78 (0.71–0.87)

 < 0.001

0.98 (0.87–1.10)

0.700

1.05 (0.92–1.19)

0.472

AA

  ≤ Q1

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Q1-Q2

0.68 (0.58–0.81)

 < 0.001

0.81 (0.69–0.94)

0.008

0.83 (0.71–0.97)

0.023

0.89 (0.79–1.01)

0.067

1.02 (0.91–1.15)

0.704

1.05 (0.91–1.20)

0.522

 Q2-Q3

0.74 (0.62–0.89)

0.001

1.02 (0.85–1.22)

0.813

0.99 (0.82–1.22)

0.980

0.74 (0.65–0.83)

 < 0.001

0.96 (0.84–1.10)

0.583

1.01 (0.86–1.18)

0.963

  > Q3

0.61 (0.51–0.74)

 < 0.001

1.02 (0.82–1.26)

0.855

0.99 (0.78–1.27)

0.981

0.68 (0.61–0.77)

 < 0.001

0.98 (0.85–1.13)

0.823

1.04 (0.89–1.22)

0.597

EPA

  ≤ Q1

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Q1-Q2

1.11 (0.92–1.35)

0.280

0.93 (0.76–1.13)

0.448

0.97 (0.79–1.20)

0.786

1.25 (1.11–1.40)

 < 0.001

1.10 (0.98–1.23)

0.112

1.12 (0.98–1.28)

0.094

 Q2-Q3

0.89 (0.73–1.10)

0.278

1.01 (0.83–1.21)

0.982

1.05 (0.80–1.38)

0.718

0.85 (0.75–0.96)

0.011

0.96 (0.84–1.10)

0.596

0.98 (0.81–1.19)

0.853

  > Q3

0.72 (0.60–0.86)

 < 0.001

0.84 (0.72–0.99)

0.033

0.84 (0.63–1.13)

0.244

0.79 (0.70–0.90)

 < 0.001

0.92 (0.81–1.04)

0.171

0.95 (0.76–1.18)

0.621

DPA

  ≤ Q1

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Q1-Q2

0.72 (0.60–0.86)

 < 0.001

0.71 (0.60–0.84)

 < 0.001

0.72 (0.59–0.87)

 < 0.001

0.92 (0.81–1.04)

0.162

0.96 (0.85–1.10)

0.565

1.01 (0.86–1.16)

0.968

 Q2-Q3

0.70 (0.58–0.83)

 < 0.001

0.83 (0.67–1.02)

0.070

0.79 (0.61–1.03)

0.080

0.78 (0.69–0.89)

 < 0.001

0.95 (0.84–1.08)

0.449

1.04 (0.87–1.23)

0.684

  > Q3

0.58 (0.49–0.69)

 < 0.001

0.85 (0.68–1.05)

0.128

0.81 (0.59–1.11)

0.184

0.68 (0.60–0.77)

 < 0.001

0.94 (0.82–1.09)

0.425

1.07 (0.87–1.32)

0.518

DHA

  ≤ Q1

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Q1-Q2

0.96 (0.79–1.17)

0.689

0.89 (0.75–1.07)

0.218

1.05 (0.87–1.27)

0.621

0.98 (0.85–1.14)

0.823

0.98 (0.85–1.13)

0.792

0.98 (0.83–1.15)

0.791

 Q2-Q3

1.03 (0.86–1.24)

0.767

1.04 (0.86–1.25)

0.668

1.26 (0.99–1.61)

0.063

0.92 (0.82–1.04)

0.193

0.94 (0.82–1.08)

0.414

0.95 (0.78–1.15)

0.571

  > Q3

0.78 (0.64–0.93)

0.008

0.90 (0.76–1.07)

0.244

1.22 (0.90–1.65)

0.203

0.78 (0.68–0.89)

 < 0.001

0.88 (0.77–1.01)

0.069

0.93 (0.73–1.18)

0.534

  1. PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid, CVD Cardiovascular disease, HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval, ODA: Octadecadienoic acid, Ref reference, ALA Octadecatrienoic acid, ODTA Octadecatetraenoic acid, AA Eicosatetraenoic acid, EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid, DPA docosapentaenoic acid, DHA Docosahexaenoic acid
  2. Model 1 was the crude model;
  3. Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, race, education level, marital status, PIR, BMI, physical activity, hypertension, DM, smoking, drinking, total energy intake;
  4. Model 3 adjusted for covariates adjusted in Model 2 as well as different PUFAs (excluded the one for analysis)
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BMC Endocrine Disorders

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