Table 6 Age-adjusted analysis the association between a number of baseline co-variables and incident DR amongst those DR free at baseline in the Nakuru eye disease cohort study
Study sample, n = 1421 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No at risk of diabetic retinopathy | Incident diabetic retinopathy | Risk per 1000/6 years (95% CI) | Age adjusted risk ratio (95% CI) | |
Age | ||||
50–59 | 691 | 12 | 22.0 (11.0–43.4) | Baseline |
60–69 | 466 | 6 | 13.3 (5.4–32.8) | 0.6 (0.2–2.0) |
70–79 | 212 | 2 | 8.6 (2.1–34.8) | 0.4 (0.1–1.9) |
80+ | 52 | 0 | – | – |
Gender | ||||
Male | 686 | 12 | 20.5 (10.9–38.2) | Baseline |
Female | 735 | 8 | 11.5 (4.8–27.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.5) |
BMI (2 missing values) | ||||
Underweight | 166 | 1 | 5.3 (0.7–36.6) | Baseline |
Normal | 727 | 5 | 8.1 (3.3–19.5) | 1.5 (0.2–13.0) |
Overweight | 336 | 11 | 39.6 (20.3–75.9) | 6.4 (0.8–53.6) |
Obese | 190 | 3 | 12.9 (4.1–40.2) | 2.0(0.2–21.9) |
Location | ||||
Rural | 1053 | 12 | 11.6 (6.6–20.4) | Baseline |
Urban | 368 | 8 | 23.5 (10.3–52.7) | 1.8 (0.7–4.4) |
SES Quartile (6 missing values) | ||||
Lower | 309 | 1 | 3.0 (0.4–21.8) | Baseline |
Lower middle | 394 | 2 | 4.9 (1.2–19.4) | 1.6 (0.4–6.9) |
Upper middle | 380 | 9 | 25.1(13.1–47.5) | 7.5 (1.0–58.1) |
Upper | 332 | 8 | 29.3 (13.3–63.3) | 8.3 (1.0–66.9) |
Smoker | ||||
Never | 964 | 16 | 18.3 (10.0–33.1) | Baseline |
Former | 113 | 0 | – | – |
Current | 344 | 4 | 14.3 (5.4–37.5) | 0.8 (0.3–2.6) |
Hypertension (2 missing values) | ||||
No | 764 | 8 | 15.0 (6.0–36.7) | Baseline |
Yes | 655 | 12 | 16.9 (9.3–30.3) | 1.2 (0.4–3.6) |
Alcohol (1 missing value) | ||||
Never | 580 | 8 | 15.3 (6.5–35.6) | Baseline |
Former | 611 | 9 | 15.0 (7.4–30.1) | 1.1 (0.4–3.3) |
Current | 229 | 3 | 19.0 (4.1–83.5) | 1.3 (0.2–7.9) |
Ethnic group | ||||
Kikuyu | 895 | 14 | 16.9 (10.3–27.8) | Baseline |
Kalenjin | 357 | 3 | 8.5 (1.9–36.9) | 0.5 (0.1–2.3) |
Other | 169 | 3 | 22.6 (7.2–69.1) | 1.1 (0.4–3.0) |
Education level | ||||
No education | 123 | 4 | 42.8 (15.3–114.2) | Baseline |
Primary | 422 | 0 | – | – |
Secondary | 726 | 14 | 21.7(11.9–39.0) | 0.6(0.2–1.9) |
College/Uni | 150 | 2 | 12.6(3.0–51.6) | 0.3(0.0–1.8) |